Essay on Dysarthria and Aphasia - 1345 Words

Dysarthria and Aphasia Definition Dysarthrias or commonly known as Dysarthria, refers to a group of speech problems where sounds may be slurred, and speech may be slow or effortful. Noticeable changes in pitch, volume, and tempo of speech occur. Speech can become nasal, and the voice can sound either breathy or harsh. Dysarthria occurs in both children and adults. Yorkston, Strand, Miller, Hillel, and Smith (1993) found reduction in speaking rate to be the strongest predictor of decrease in speech intelligibility. Etiology Dysarthria is related to neuromuscular diseases such as cerebral palsy, Parkinsons, Lou Gehrigs disease, or later stages of multiple sclerosis. It can also†¦show more content†¦Treatment may involve teaching a person ways to compensate for restrictions in muscle movement by techniques such as talking in short sentences or emphasizing key sounds in words. Changes in positioning of the body also may increase clearness. For some people, speech is not a viable option. Substitutes or augmentative systems are frequently used.As speech intelligibility begins to decline, intervention focuses on maintaining functional communication versus attempting to reduce speech impairment (Yorkston, Miller, Strand, 1995). Direct speech intervention is not recommended for a number of reasons. First, exercise to fatigue may hasten neurological deterioration. Speech drills may be so tiring that speech adequacy for functional use in other settings would be compromised. Finally, speech exercises emphasizing optimum performance can only prove to be a discouraging reminder of increasing loss of ability. Therapy for dysarthria focuses on maximizing the function of all systems. Compensatory strategies are often used. Individuals with dysarthria may be advised to take frequent pauses for breath, to over-articulate, or to pause before important words to make them stand out. If there is muscle weakness, they may benefit from performing oro-facial exercises. This helps to strengthen the musclesShow MoreRelatedSpeech And Language Treatment At The Florida Atlantic University Communication Disorders Clinic ( Fau Cdc )1114 Words   |  5 PagesThis indicates that W.C. has a significant articulation disorder. Further analysis reveals that W.C. places voicing on voiceless stops (/k/ ïÆ'   /g/, /t/ ïÆ'   /d/, /p/ ïÆ'   /b/) in all positions. These results are consistent with the findings of spastic dysarthria. An informal assessment of W.C.’s intelligibility was completed. Intelligibility was found to be fair with difficulties noted in the production of voiceless stops. Listener comprehension was increased in known contexts and with increased listeningRead MoreQuality Improvement Is Defined â€Å"As Systematic, Data-Guided1572 Words   |  7 Pagesor paralysis of the right side of the body. Depending on the areas of the brain being affected the person can experience different communication problems such as aphasia (receptive/ expressive/global), dysphasia and dysarthria (Zomorodi, 2015). If there is damage to the Wernicke’s area the physical symptoms are similar to receptive aphasia will be present e.g. neither the sounds nor meaning could be understood. Whereas, if there is damage to the Broca’s areas of the brain person will have speakingRead MoreSpeech Disorders : Speech And Language Disorders1760 Words   |  8 Pagesdisorders (â€Å"Speech and Language Disord ers and Diseases†, 2016). Some of the common speech and voice disorders in adulthood include Dysarthria, Apraxia, and voice disturbances. Dysarthria is when a person has an ongoing difficulty expressing certain sounds or words. They have poorly pronounced speech (such as slurring) and the rhythm or speed of speech is changed. Dysarthria has many causes which include alcohol intoxication, Dementia, neuromuscular diseases, Facial trauma, Facial weakness or tongue weaknessRead More aphasia Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesAphasia is a language disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. For most people, these are parts of the left side (hemisphere) of the brain. Aphasia usually occurs suddenly, often as the result of a stroke or head injury, but it may also develop slowly, as in the case of a brain tumor. The disorder impairs the expression and understanding of language as well as reading and writing. â€Å"Aphasia may co-occur wi th speech disorders such as dysarthria orRead MoreCva Ischemic Stoke1522 Words   |  7 Pagesspeech (Aphasia, Dysarthria) * Visual disturbances/ visual field deficits * Difficulty walking, dizziness, or loss of balance or coordination * Sudden severe headache Visual Field deficits * Homonymous hemianopsia * Loss of peripheral vision * Diplopia Motor Deficits * Hemiparesis * Hemiplegia * Ataxia * Dysarthria * Dysphagia Sensory Deficits * Paresthesia (occurs on the side opposite the lesion) Verbal Deficits * Expressive aphasia *Read MoreMy Communication Experience With Patient791 Words   |  4 Pages the family and health care members. It has been stated by Peggy Rupp Wysong, and Evelyn Driver, 2009, p. 25 that communication with patient is a vital nursing skill. I also encountered significance of communication with paralysed patient having aphasia after stroke. I was given an opportunity to take care of him and assist him in his daily activities. I washed my hands and introduced myself to him and greeted him after entering into his room. He also responded nicely but could not speak clearlyRead MoreCommunication Disorders7061 Words   |  29 Pagesdisorders. Language disorders may occur in children with other developmental problems, autistic spectrum disorders, hearing loss, and learning disabilities. A language disorder may also be caused by damage to the central nervous system, which is called aphasia. †¢ †¢ †¢ When to get Help? †¢ At 15 months, does not look or point at 5 to 10 people or objects when they are named by a parent or caregiver At 18 months, does not follow simple directions, such as get your coat At 24 months, is not ableRead MoreWas Pierre Marie, A French Neurologist?1669 Words   |  7 Pagesshell during an air-raid. Astrid’s left side of her skull splintered and exposed her brain. In result of her brain being exposed, there was damage to her brain caused hemiplegia, paralysis of one side of the body; her right side, along with Broca’s aphasia, and a seizure disorder. After her sudden recovery from her injury, she was left with a German accent that was later rejected by her fellow Norwegians. Six years later, neurologist Monrad-Krohn described Astrid’s incident in a more in depth reportedRead MoreIschemic Stroke Rates in Ireland678 Words   |  3 Pagescontrol on one side reflects damage to the upper motor neurons on the opposite side of the brain. Other brain functions which are affected by stroke include language and communication. Dysarthria is difficulty in speaking caused by paralysis of the muscles used to talk, dysphasia is impairment of speech and aphasia is loss of speech entirely. These can all occur as a result of ischemic stroke. There are also visual dysfunctions caused by the disturbance of sensory pathways between the eye and theRead MoreThe Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injuries On Our Society1574 Words   |  7 Pagespathologists’ scope of practice that are associated with traumatic brain injuries. One example of a condition commonly found in victims of brain injuries is aphasia, which impedes patients’ ability to understand or produce speech (ASHA, n.d.-a). Other communication deficits that are probable consequences of a TBI are dysarthria and apraxia (ASHA, n.d.-a). Dysarthria is characterized by slurred speech as a result of weakened muscles, and apraxia is a difficulty in programming oral muscles for the production of