tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34606028023835032892023-11-15T10:19:21.791-08:00Photo essay websiteThe Giver Essay Topic On Conflictjoangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.comBlogger31125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-54627123552440543922020-08-24T07:12:00.001-07:002020-08-24T07:12:04.571-07:00Environmental and Organizational Audit of NokiaEcological and Organizational Audit of Nokia SWOT investigation as the appraisal of the inside qualities and shortcomings and outer chances and dangers for a business in a given circumstance. It explains issues and issues yet it doesn't take choices for a business. S: Strengths W: Weakness O: Opportunities T: Threats POSITIVE NEGATIVE Inside Qualities First organization to give cell phone innovation. High limit switches. Solid administration arrangements Giving a wide scope of Models far and wide business. New items and innovation Shortcomings Absence of Unity between different offices. They consider each other as lacking from information, inept and unpracticed. Low quality types of gear causing dis-enthusiasm of clients Establishment in defensively covered vehicles was an issue. Switches were Large and costly Outer Openings High serious condition, this prompts more clients Mass market High Sales since the item is new and remarkable Grow business Dangers Significant contenders, specifically NEC, Motorola, Samsung, Sony Ericson, Sony iPod and so forth. Contenders offering financing arrangements Little switches of contenders and modest in cost Extreme competitionSWOT examination of NOKIA PESTEL investigation: Bug examination is characterized as an administration strategy that empowers an investigation of four outside elements that may affect the exhibition of the association. These elements are: Political, Economic, Social, and Technological. Nuisance examination is regularly led utilizing conceptualizing procedures. It offers a situation to-association viewpoint instead of the association to-condition point of view gave by SWOT. PESTEL investigation of Nokia Political: Political substances assumed an imperative job in the achievement of Nokia switches business,as a market are deregulated the two administrators and fabricates are allowed to Act autonomously of government intercession in nations like Pakistan and india. Where fractional guideline exist, government intercession doesn't happen. Conservative : In request to begin the versatile communication business Nokia required a high piece of the overall industry, which they accomplished by selling in pakistan and different nations .This expanded the quantity of clients, subsequently expanding piece of the overall industry. After the organization got considerably well known, significant organizations began to co-ordinate with Nokia. Social: Consumer requested for new capacities and plans while Nokia was not effective in giving that, an investor communicated they are only a lot of specialists who couldnt care less what the telephone resembles. Additionally then again shopper grumbled about the low battery life. Mechanical: There have been numerous worldwide headways in innovation such As mms,wap,Bluetooth,cameras etc.the asian markets are more innovatively than Their European partners for instance in 2002 only 4% of telephone had cameras.whereas in asia 90% did it. Ecological elements incorporate, atmosphere, and environmental change, which may particularly influence nokia ventures. Moreover, developing attention to environmental change is influencing how nokia organizations work new models and items it is both making new markets and decreasing or crushing existing ones. Lawful components incorporate separation law, buyer law, antitrust law, work law, and wellbeing and security law. These variables can influence nokia. Organization works, its expenses, and the interest for its item. Explanation behind picking the specific authoritative and natural review and key method: S.W.O.T examination: The explanation behind encouraging SWOT investigation to nokia in the present defeat circumstance is that for a considerable length of time SWOT examination has been a straight forward and essential model for giving vital course to the association which conducts it. This is finished by getting to the quality, shortcomings, openings and dangers of the specific business element. People at nokia can likewise perform SWOT examination so as to distinguish their inherent characteristics that can help them at working environment. SWOT examination is the best force device nokia can use so as to upgrade their vocation. The consequence of SWOT investigation will enable the experts to distinguish their characteristics and limit their hindrances. PESTLE examination: This was encouraged to nokia for leading the ecological investigation, it was viewed as significant as it is a key strategy for key examination so as to consider the microenvironment of the business. These incorporate Political factors, for example, political strength, exchanging understandings and monetary and tax collection arrangements. Financial factors, for example, intrigue, business levels and monetary pattern. Social factors, for example, religion segment factors and social variables. Mechanical factors, for example, development, fabricating cost, nature of item and so on. Through the PESTLE examination nokia will have the option to comprehend the more extensive business condition for example understanding the global market and patterns. One of the fundamental motivation behind why directing PESTLE examination for nokia is significant is that it can bring issues to light of future dangers and will help nokia to foresee future challenges and take fitting activities to stay away from and limit them. STRETEGIC POSITIONING TECHNIQUES Ansoff lattice: The Ansoff Growth lattice is an apparatus that assists organizations with choosing their item and market development technique. Ansoff Matrix of Nokia Ansoff network can help Nokia recognize their future bearing and vital turn of events. It might help Nokia discover the decisions accessible in the market so as to utilize their vital capacities. Right now as far as the case, Nokia is occupied with creation of many existing items and one new item which is cell phone. This may sift through Nokia into three segments of an Ansoff Matrix. These are clarified as follows: Existing item and existing business sector; Market infiltration: For the present creation of different radio and phone types of gear, including Ax chip. Existing item and new market; Market advancement: For entering new markets including USA, Hungary, Pakistan Indian, and Middle east and everywhere throughout the globe. Existing business sector and New Market; Product improvement: By propelling Mobile phone framework in their current market. Ansoff Matrix: This is a valuable key situating procedure encouraged to nokia because of the way that it helps in recommending the business endeavors to develop another or existing business sector or whether on the business sectors new and existing items. For the market advancement Ansoff can help nokia distinguish new topographical territories, for instance where to sell the current switches and radio types of gear. They can search out various estimating strategies to draw in clients. So also in the item improvement stage they can grow new skills and adjust their items based on buyer request. Based on these characteristics it was encouraged to utilize Ansoff framework as a vital situating strategy to recognize their future course. STRETEGIC THINKING AND PLANING In the perspective on F. Graetz, key reasoning and arranging are unmistakable, yet interrelated and correlative manners of thinking that must continue and bolster each other for powerful vital administration. (F Graetz, (2002) Management Decision, pg 456, information got to July 2009) The principle focal point of key believing is to make remarkable and significant open doors for future accomplishment of a business. This is led by an innovative and provocative exchange between individuals who impact the bearing of a business. Vital reasoning must consider: Aptitudes and capabilities : Qualities of the organization By what means can these qualities be utilized to make an upper hand Shortcomings of the organization that makes it defenseless. Items and contributions : Arrangement of offering item, cost and administrations in the market Distinguishing the covers caused among contributions Uniqueness Brands related with contributions Contrast the brand and contenders. Industry and its condition : Distinguishing the general monetary circumstance of the nation wherein organization is contending Structure of the business Current situation of the business and where it needs to be in future. Connection of the business with different people(stakeholders) Clients and market: Target client Necessities of the clients Contenders : Nature of rivalry in the specific business Interesting qualities and shortcomings of contenders Similitudes and contrasts between the organization and its rivals Purchasers and providers : Distinguishing the organizations that should be worked with so as to make and sell the items the organization is advertising Relative force contrasted with the organization Their qualities and remarkable focuses Hole ANALYSIS AND STRATEGIC PLANE FOR NOKIA: Item Development: A fitting arrangement should be directed for the versatile communication business which lies in the item advancement area of the Ansoff network. The item and market are is moderately new; along these lines an arrangement for a fruitful advancement of the item should be executed. The arrangement must enable nokia to accomplish a high piece of the overall industry. In spite of the fact that they are the principal organization to connect with this business yet the principle issue which they face is their mediocrity in innovation, besides their switch size are huge and the contenders then again are making littler chips. Above all size and state of the cell phones are not up to the selection of clients, besides they have to concentrate on the plan in the event that they need to help up their deals. Organization is as of now experiencing a budgetary emergency and then again contenders are giving money related arrangements so as to harm nokia. The board needs to give new offers in the market so as to step up with the market pattern. So chatting on a wide scale, in the creating market, nokia requirements to enter the market with an appropriate arrangement up to the desires for clients so as to upgrade the vocation of the item. This should be possible by including new highlights, innovation headway and modifying their approaches a joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-29551588003326685572020-08-22T00:48:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:48:12.932-07:00My future job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsMy future employment - Essay Example Also, advancement openings in the business are ubiquitous. Showcasing the executives is an imaginative employment. It has become all the all the more intriguing with the utilization of most recent innovation. Nowadays, better approaches for promoting the board are developing with the utilization of most recent applications, cell phones, and iPads. These things have expanded social network and have furnished promoting chiefs with modest but then powerful methods for get-together data about the customers. The significance of promoting the executives for organizations can't be overemphasized. Any business on a very basic level relies on showcasing the board so as to be effective. The better the promoting the board, the better the arranging, organization, execution, control, and adjustment of the business. Customersââ¬â¢ devotion with a brand can be principally credited to advertising the executives since brand picture is additionally constrained by promoting administrators. To close, Marketing Management is a generally excellent calling with a ton of chances for improvement and innovativeness, and a ton of significance. Openings for work are inexhaustible. I am anticipating turning out to be and developing myself as a Marketing joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-7478111693872063242020-07-18T12:19:00.001-07:002020-07-18T12:19:02.522-07:00Why Depression Is More Common in Women Than in MenWhy Depression Is More Common in Women Than in Men Depression Causes Print Why Depression Is More Common in Women Than in Men By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on November 12, 2019 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments. Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Ghislain Marie David de Lossy / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Hormonal Differences Socialization Differences Diagnosis Differences View All It has been widely documented that there are gender differences in depression prevalence, with women experiencing major depression more often than men. This risk exists independent of race or ethnicity. One large-scale 2017 study found that these gender differences emerge starting at age 12, with girls and women being twice as likely as men to experience depression.?? Several risk factors have been studied that might account for gender differences in rates of depression. Hormonal Differences Given that the peak onset of depressive disorders in women coincides with their reproductive years (between the ages of 25 to 44 years of age), hormonal risk factors may play a role. Estrogen and progesterone have been shown to affect neurotransmitter, neuroendocrine, and circadian systems that have been implicated in mood disorders.?? The fact that women can experience mood disorders associated with their menstrual cycle, such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a mood disorder characterized by depressive symptoms that occur prior to the start of the menstrual cycle, also points to a relationship between female sex hormones and mood. Although menopause is a time when a womans risk of depression declines, the perimenopausal period is a time of increased risk for those with a history of major depression. Other hormonal factors that may contribute to a womans risk for depression are sex differences related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and thyroid function. Depression Statistics Everyone Should Know Socialization Differences Researchers have found that gender differences in socialization could play a role in rates of depression as well.?? Girls are generally socialized to be more nurturing and sensitive to the opinions of others, while little boys are often encouraged to develop a greater sense of mastery and independence in their lives. Masculine gender socialization emphasizes norms such as stoicism, toughness, and the avoidance of anything perceived as feminine, including displays of emotion. Some researchers suggest that this type of socialization may cause depression to manifest differently in men.?? How Cultural Norms Influence Behavior and Gender Value Social Roles It has also been theorized that women who become housewives and mothers may find their roles devalued by society while women who pursue a career outside the home may face discrimination and job inequality or may feel conflicts between their role as a wife and mother and their work. The socialization of gender roles and gender traits has been associated with how well people cope with stress and the effects that stress has on health. Researchers have found that such socialization benefits men in terms of overall health.?? Coping Style Studies also show that women tend to use a more emotion-focused, ruminative coping styleâ"mulling their problems over in their minds; while men tend to use a more problem-focused, distracting coping style to help them forget their troubles.?? It has been hypothesized that this ruminative coping style could lead to longer and more severe episodes of depression and contribute to womens greater vulnerability to depression. Find Help With the Best Online Resources for Depression Stressful Life Events Evidence suggests that, throughout their lifetimes, women may experience more stressful life events and have a greater sensitivity to them than men. Adolescent girls tend to report more negative life events than boysâ"usually related to their relationships with their parents and peersâ"and experience higher levels of distress related to them.?? Studies of adult women have found that women are more likely than men to become depressed in response to a stressful life event and to have experienced a stressful event within six months prior to a major depressive episode.?? However, depression prevalence rates also tend to be fairly consistent globally, which may suggest that biological influences play the largest role and that factors such as socioeconomic status, education, race, diet, and culture are secondary or compounding influences. Diagnosis Differences Researchers have also suggested that there may actually be no difference in prevalence between men and women. These researchers have proposed the idea that it may actually be that women seek help more often than men or report their symptoms differently, leading to them being diagnosed more often than men. Some research indicates that not only may men experience depression differently than women do, but depression among men may also be underdiagnosed. Men tend to experience symptoms such as anger, irritability, sleep disturbances, and substance use. They are also more likely to describe depressive symptoms as stress rather than feelings of sadness. One study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that when depression was measured with these so-call male symptoms, men actually had somewhat higher rates of depression (26.3% for men and 21.9% for women).?? A Word From Verywell Depression is a complex condition that does not have a single, simple cause. Further research is needed to understand sex differences in rates of depression and its diagnosis. The existing research suggests that biological differences between men and women play a significant part in explaining these differences. Cultural expectations, gender roles, and the underdiagnosis of depression in men may also be contributing factors. Why Some People Are More Prone to Depression joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-17472457186452506962020-05-21T18:48:00.001-07:002020-05-21T18:48:07.027-07:00Charles John Huffam Dickens Great Expectations - 2301 Words Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England to Elizabeth and John Dickens. He came from a large middle class family that suffered from debt and received schooling from Wellington House Academy. After completing his education he pursued a career as a freelance reporter for Parliament and a clerk at a law firm. His career as a reporter provided a gateway to his embarkment as a full time novelist who produced complex works at an incredible rate. His career took off after he wrote Sketches by Boz in 1836 quickly followed by The Pickwick Papers. He wrote Great Expectations in 1861 towards the end of both his life and career, in which he had experienced a bout of cynicism because of the occurrences in London, England at the time and personal problems with faithfulness and trust. On June 9, 1870, Dickens had a stroke and, at age 58, died at Gad s Hill Place, his country home in Kent. Dickens would later be known as one of the greatest and most influential writers of the Victorian Period. In the coming of age story Great Expectations, the Victorian novelist, Charles Dickens defies preconceived ideas about the importance of social status and gender roles in society through a realistic depiction of Victorian life in England utilizing his struggles and experiences with poverty. ââ¬Å"Charles Dickens,Early Victorian Novelists: Essays in Revaluationâ⬠by David Cecil comments on how Dickens poetry is not great and that his use of humor is one of hisShow MoreRelatedCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words à |à 4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narrator feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead More How the Views of Magwitch Change through the Course of the Novel734 Words à |à 3 PagesHow the Views of Magwitch Change through the Course of the Novel Great Expectations is about a boy called Pip, who has Great Expectations and doesnt want to be poor all his life. Along his way, a lot of strange things happen to him, such as meeting strange people and getting money off unknown people. Great Expectations was wrote in 1860 and was Dickens thirteenth novel. This essay will be about how our views on Magwitch change through the story, such as at the beginning us thinkingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words à |à 7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens And The Victorian Era1643 Words à |à 7 PagesCharles Dickens and the Victorian Era The various themes and ideas of the Victorian era are perfectly showcased in the many novels and short stories of Charles Dickens. The writers of the Victorian era produced an enormous amount of the greatest novels to ever be written- those that were realistic, thickly plotted, crowded with characters, and long. They, more often than not, showed the characteristics of the different social classes in society. Generally humorousRead MoreCharles Dickens Essay1511 Words à |à 7 PagesCharles Dickens was an astounding author and titan of English literature throughout the Victorian era. Dickens was remarkably known for his early years, his career, and his life tragedies. During his career Dickens achieved worldwide popularity, winning acclaim for his rich storytelling and memorable characters. Dickens will forever be remembered as a literary genius who changed the world with his vivid novels and his superb stories. Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on February 7, 1812,Read More Charles Dickens Essay1932 Words à |à 8 PagesCharles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens is the greatest English writer that ever lived. He was one of the most popular writers in the history of literature. Surely no English author is so well known and so widely read, translated and remembered as Charles Dickens. He fame is well deserved. From the pen of this great author came such characters as Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Bob Cratchit and Tiny Tim, Mr. Pickwick, and Little Nett. Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in PortsmouthRead MoreEveryone Appreciates A Good, Rags, And Oliver Twist1728 Words à |à 7 PagesEveryone appreciates a good ââ¬Ërags to richesââ¬â¢ story. Charles Dickens did as well, in fact it could be said that his own story was one of rags to riches. Dickens knew poverty, he also knew people, and how poverty can effect and change them. Over the course of his life he wrote some of the most famous and beloved stories, from ââ¬Å"A Christmas Carol,â⬠ââ¬Å"Great Expectationâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"Oliver Twistâ⬠, to ââ¬Å"Nicholas Nicklebyâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Davis Copperfield.â⬠Today Dickens is considered to be by many, one of the most well-knownRead MoreThe Victorian Er A Important Part Of Our History1688 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Victorian Era was a very important part of our history. That is why I want to familiarize you with it before we get directly to Mr. Dickens. This was a period in time when the times were changin g in a vast number of ways. The Victorian era was a time of peace, refined sensibilities and prosperity for Britain. This era was the first where music, dramas and opera were performed openly and were attended by mass amounts of people. Also to become in the Victorian era were ââ¬Å"dining clubsâ⬠where gentlemenRead MoreEffective Images of People and Places Created by Dickens1384 Words à |à 6 PagesCreated by Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth. Dickens childhood was not particularly happy one, and many of the events he endured and people he met inspired his books. The second child of a clerk in the navy pay-office, Dickens moved to London with his family when he was two years old. His father was often in debt, and finally in 1824 was sent to debtors prison with the rest of the family in Marshalsea. Dickens, on the otherRead MoreThe Evidence Of Unbound Loyalty1746 Words à |à 7 PagesOliver, ill-treated and hungry, approaches his masters saying ââ¬Å"Please, sir, I want some moreâ⬠(Dickens 11), Charles Dickens enthralls his readers in the harsh, twisted journey of Oliver Twist. Through a series of exciting events full of abuse, loyalty, hatred, and love, Dickens portrays the overlooked difficulties of the poor, lower class that Oliver Twistââ¬â¢s action-packed life has been subject to. Some of Dickens most loved characters, including the adolescent pickpocket under the pseudonym the Artful joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-10035383705831816542020-05-06T23:41:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:41:18.525-07:00Essay on Dysarthria and Aphasia - 1345 Words Dysarthria and Aphasia Definition Dysarthrias or commonly known as Dysarthria, refers to a group of speech problems where sounds may be slurred, and speech may be slow or effortful. Noticeable changes in pitch, volume, and tempo of speech occur. Speech can become nasal, and the voice can sound either breathy or harsh. Dysarthria occurs in both children and adults. Yorkston, Strand, Miller, Hillel, and Smith (1993) found reduction in speaking rate to be the strongest predictor of decrease in speech intelligibility. Etiology Dysarthria is related to neuromuscular diseases such as cerebral palsy, Parkinsons, Lou Gehrigs disease, or later stages of multiple sclerosis. It can alsoâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Treatment may involve teaching a person ways to compensate for restrictions in muscle movement by techniques such as talking in short sentences or emphasizing key sounds in words. Changes in positioning of the body also may increase clearness. For some people, speech is not a viable option. Substitutes or augmentative systems are frequently used.As speech intelligibility begins to decline, intervention focuses on maintaining functional communication versus attempting to reduce speech impairment (Yorkston, Miller, Strand, 1995). Direct speech intervention is not recommended for a number of reasons. First, exercise to fatigue may hasten neurological deterioration. Speech drills may be so tiring that speech adequacy for functional use in other settings would be compromised. Finally, speech exercises emphasizing optimum performance can only prove to be a discouraging reminder of increasing loss of ability. Therapy for dysarthria focuses on maximizing the function of all systems. Compensatory strategies are often used. Individuals with dysarthria may be advised to take frequent pauses for breath, to over-articulate, or to pause before important words to make them stand out. If there is muscle weakness, they may benefit from performing oro-facial exercises. This helps to strengthen the musclesShow MoreRelatedSpeech And Language Treatment At The Florida Atlantic University Communication Disorders Clinic ( Fau Cdc )1114 Words à |à 5 PagesThis indicates that W.C. has a significant articulation disorder. Further analysis reveals that W.C. places voicing on voiceless stops (/k/ ïÆ' /g/, /t/ ïÆ' /d/, /p/ ïÆ' /b/) in all positions. These results are consistent with the findings of spastic dysarthria. An informal assessment of W.C.ââ¬â¢s intelligibility was completed. Intelligibility was found to be fair with difficulties noted in the production of voiceless stops. Listener comprehension was increased in known contexts and with increased listeningRead MoreQuality Improvement Is Defined ââ¬Å"As Systematic, Data-Guided1572 Words à |à 7 Pagesor paralysis of the right side of the body. Depending on the areas of the brain being affected the person can experience different communication problems such as aphasia (receptive/ expressive/global), dysphasia and dysarthria (Zomorodi, 2015). If there is damage to the Wernickeââ¬â¢s area the physical symptoms are similar to receptive aphasia will be present e.g. neither the sounds nor meaning could be understood. Whereas, if there is damage to the Brocaââ¬â¢s areas of the brain person will have speakingRead MoreSpeech Disorders : Speech And Language Disorders1760 Words à |à 8 Pagesdisorders (ââ¬Å"Speech and Language Disord ers and Diseasesâ⬠, 2016). Some of the common speech and voice disorders in adulthood include Dysarthria, Apraxia, and voice disturbances. Dysarthria is when a person has an ongoing difficulty expressing certain sounds or words. They have poorly pronounced speech (such as slurring) and the rhythm or speed of speech is changed. Dysarthria has many causes which include alcohol intoxication, Dementia, neuromuscular diseases, Facial trauma, Facial weakness or tongue weaknessRead More aphasia Essay1237 Words à |à 5 PagesAphasia is a language disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. For most people, these are parts of the left side (hemisphere) of the brain. Aphasia usually occurs suddenly, often as the result of a stroke or head injury, but it may also develop slowly, as in the case of a brain tumor. The disorder impairs the expression and understanding of language as well as reading and writing. ââ¬Å"Aphasia may co-occur wi th speech disorders such as dysarthria orRead MoreCva Ischemic Stoke1522 Words à |à 7 Pagesspeech (Aphasia, Dysarthria) * Visual disturbances/ visual field deficits * Difficulty walking, dizziness, or loss of balance or coordination * Sudden severe headache Visual Field deficits * Homonymous hemianopsia * Loss of peripheral vision * Diplopia Motor Deficits * Hemiparesis * Hemiplegia * Ataxia * Dysarthria * Dysphagia Sensory Deficits * Paresthesia (occurs on the side opposite the lesion) Verbal Deficits * Expressive aphasia *Read MoreMy Communication Experience With Patient791 Words à |à 4 Pages the family and health care members. It has been stated by Peggy Rupp Wysong, and Evelyn Driver, 2009, p. 25 that communication with patient is a vital nursing skill. I also encountered significance of communication with paralysed patient having aphasia after stroke. I was given an opportunity to take care of him and assist him in his daily activities. I washed my hands and introduced myself to him and greeted him after entering into his room. He also responded nicely but could not speak clearlyRead MoreCommunication Disorders7061 Words à |à 29 Pagesdisorders. Language disorders may occur in children with other developmental problems, autistic spectrum disorders, hearing loss, and learning disabilities. A language disorder may also be caused by damage to the central nervous system, which is called aphasia. â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ When to get Help? â⬠¢ At 15 months, does not look or point at 5 to 10 people or objects when they are named by a parent or caregiver At 18 months, does not follow simple directions, such as get your coat At 24 months, is not ableRead MoreWas Pierre Marie, A French Neurologist?1669 Words à |à 7 Pagesshell during an air-raid. Astridââ¬â¢s left side of her skull splintered and exposed her brain. In result of her brain being exposed, there was damage to her brain caused hemiplegia, paralysis of one side of the body; her right side, along with Brocaââ¬â¢s aphasia, and a seizure disorder. After her sudden recovery from her injury, she was left with a German accent that was later rejected by her fellow Norwegians. Six years later, neurologist Monrad-Krohn described Astridââ¬â¢s incident in a more in depth reportedRead MoreIschemic Stroke Rates in Ireland678 Words à |à 3 Pagescontrol on one side reflects damage to the upper motor neurons on the opposite side of the brain. Other brain functions which are affected by stroke include language and communication. Dysarthria is difficulty in speaking caused by paralysis of the muscles used to talk, dysphasia is impairment of speech and aphasia is loss of speech entirely. These can all occur as a result of ischemic stroke. There are also visual dysfunctions caused by the disturbance of sensory pathways between the eye and theRead MoreThe Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injuries On Our Society1574 Words à |à 7 Pagespathologistsââ¬â¢ scope of practice that are associated with traumatic brain injuries. One example of a condition commonly found in victims of brain injuries is aphasia, which impedes patientsââ¬â¢ ability to understand or produce speech (ASHA, n.d.-a). Other communication deficits that are probable consequences of a TBI are dysarthria and apraxia (ASHA, n.d.-a). Dysarthria is characterized by slurred speech as a result of weakened muscles, and apraxia is a difficulty in programming oral muscles for the production of joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-85112661998856050662020-05-06T08:25:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:25:26.644-07:00Foster Care Personal Statement Free Essays I entered the foster care system at age 4 due to my birth mothers drug problems. I was immediately adopted to a family of 12 before I could even understand the reality of my own life. It hit quick when I was old enough to think for myself. We will write a custom essay sample on Foster Care Personal Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now I began to notice how emotionally abusive the adoptive mother was. She played me and my younger blood sister against each other and made sure I knew that I was worth nothing and would never amount to anything. Dealing with such a relationship made my preteen years unbearable, I turned to friends at school and the adoptive father for support and comfort. At age 14 I was place back in the foster system without a clue as to why. After a long, hard confusing year full of interrogations and mixed feelings, the conclusion was stated. I was in foster care because my adoptive father had sexually abused 4 of my siblings, including my younger sister. This was old news to the adoptive mother, which brought light to the reason why she acted the way she did toward me. The discovery of this left me feeling angry, sad and betrayed all at the same time. To think that someone I confided in and looked up to for 10 years of my life could do such a thing caused me to lose all trust and hope in people. While most teens transitioning to high school focused their mental energy towards worrying about their next exam and trying to fit in somewhere, mine included more hardships. I was more focused on trying to live comfortably with strangers, and not feeling like a burden to them. A lot of my energy went towards trying to be there for my little sister, someone Iââ¬â¢ve never had a chance to build a good relationship with in the first place, in a time where I didnââ¬â¢t want anything to do with relationships. I was focused on things like learning to trust again, accepting the things that have happened in my life, and not shutting everyone out of my life. It was in this time frame that I turned to music for comfort. Music has honestly helped me through the tough times, and has been the most consistent part of my life. I hope to someday make a career out of this passion. Ferris offers a well-rounded degree in music management. I feel it will help me become very accessible in the music industry. With the help of music, iv come through tough times, and I feel that I can succeed. Im driven to succeed. How to cite Foster Care Personal Statement, Essay examples joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-85637923563124842182020-04-26T00:42:00.001-07:002020-04-26T00:42:03.058-07:00Victorian poetry Essay Thesis Example For Students Victorian poetry Essay Thesis ?Trends in the Victorian Novels we speak Of the Victorian novel do not mean that there a Conscious school Of the English novel, Hit a consciously common style and subject-matter, a school Which began creating With the reign Of Queen Victoria and which came to an end With the end Of that reign. The English are too individualistic for such conformity. However, there can be no denying the fact that the English novel during second half of the umpteenth century, with the exception of one or two novelists, shows cert.;uncommon characteristics. E have now to study those common characteristics. We will write a custom essay on Victorian poetry Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The conventional Plots For one thing, the Victorian novel continues to be largely In the Fielding tradition. The plot Is generally loose and Ill-constructed. The main outline of the Victorian novel is the same. The story consists at a large variety to characters and Incidents clustering round the Tuttle to the hero. These characters and Incidents are connected together rather loosely by an intrigue, and the ending Is with ringing of wedding bells. Secondly. The Victorian novel makes an extraordinary mixture of sentiment, flashy elodea and lifeless characters There Is much that Is improbable and artificial in character and incident. Speaking generally, the Victorians fail to construct an organic plot in which every incident and character forms an integral part of the whole. Entertainment Value Still, the Victorian novel makes interesting reading. The novelists may not construct a compact plot, but they tell the story so well. They are so entertaining that children still love to read and enjoy a novel of Dickens or Thacker. The plot may be improbable. But there is enough suspense. And the readers attention is not allowed to slang even for a single moment. They do not like to give it up unfinished. Inorganic Nature The Victorian novelists may miss the heights and depths Of human passion. There may be no probing Of the human heart and no psycho-analysis-?we do get such probing in George Eliot-?as in the modern novel, but they cast their nets very wide. Novels alkalinity Fair, David Copperfield, etc. , are not, like most modern novels, concentrated wholly on the life and fortunes of a few principal characters: they also provide panoramas of whole societies. In the Victorian novel, A hundred deferent types and classes, persons and nationalities, jostle each other across the had. . Screen of our Imagination. -?(David Cecil) Immense Variety The Victorian newel;SST Is a man of varied moods. His range to mood is as wide as his range to subject. Just as he deals with all aspects to society, so also he renders human moods in all their manifold variety. He is not a specialist In any one mood or temper. The novelists of the age cannot be categorized. As David Cecil puts It. They write equally for the tram journey and for all time: they crowd realism and fantasy. joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-51510249941090842562020-03-18T14:07:00.001-07:002020-03-18T14:07:02.941-07:00Free Essays on AcapulcoI have sojourned many interesting places of Mexico in the past few years: Mazatlan, Puerto Vallarta, Guadalajara, and Monterrey, to name a few; but the most unusual and exciting place I have come to visit is Acapulco. Located on the luxurious south western Pacific Coast of Mexico, the coast overlooks one of Acapulcoââ¬â¢s best views were one can view the daring feats performed by the La Quebrada cliff divers, and the Coyuca Lagoon a beautiful fresh water lagoon. Many people that live in Mexico are not even aware that this magical place even exists. Itââ¬â¢s a secret place that many visit but few actually know about its events or activities that go on throughout the day and night time. The best breath taking view to watch the fearless ââ¬Å"cliff diversâ⬠is a small plaza across the inlet. It might not be the highest dive, but certainly the most famous, scenic and possibly the most dangerous dive in the world. Divers as brave as they seem they attain the shrine as if it was their last minutes of life. Then they plunge into a narrow creek which is safe only when the waves fill it with water. They must dive at just the right moment. If not ââ¬Å"splatâ⬠you dive on pure rock. Many say that even when the dive is precise it feels as if the water had a thick layer of concrete waiting to be punctured by the divers. In Coyuca Lagoon you can rest assured that you will get that feeling of a completely different world. This is a world that has not yet accepted the hectic, modern way of life. Coyuca lagoon has the best tourist services that will help you enjoy its tropical beauty. Here at the lagoon a tour includes taking a boat along the coast that floats through the thick vegetation and wildlife. Not only will you be able to enjoy its natural beauty of the lagoon but the variety of exotic birds at the Birdââ¬â¢s island, which are bird sanctuaries full of black and white herons, pelicans, ducks, and dozens of other tropical species. Coyuca lagoon is als... Free Essays on Acapulco Free Essays on Acapulco I have sojourned many interesting places of Mexico in the past few years: Mazatlan, Puerto Vallarta, Guadalajara, and Monterrey, to name a few; but the most unusual and exciting place I have come to visit is Acapulco. Located on the luxurious south western Pacific Coast of Mexico, the coast overlooks one of Acapulcoââ¬â¢s best views were one can view the daring feats performed by the La Quebrada cliff divers, and the Coyuca Lagoon a beautiful fresh water lagoon. Many people that live in Mexico are not even aware that this magical place even exists. Itââ¬â¢s a secret place that many visit but few actually know about its events or activities that go on throughout the day and night time. The best breath taking view to watch the fearless ââ¬Å"cliff diversâ⬠is a small plaza across the inlet. It might not be the highest dive, but certainly the most famous, scenic and possibly the most dangerous dive in the world. Divers as brave as they seem they attain the shrine as if it was their last minutes of life. Then they plunge into a narrow creek which is safe only when the waves fill it with water. They must dive at just the right moment. If not ââ¬Å"splatâ⬠you dive on pure rock. Many say that even when the dive is precise it feels as if the water had a thick layer of concrete waiting to be punctured by the divers. In Coyuca Lagoon you can rest assured that you will get that feeling of a completely different world. This is a world that has not yet accepted the hectic, modern way of life. Coyuca lagoon has the best tourist services that will help you enjoy its tropical beauty. Here at the lagoon a tour includes taking a boat along the coast that floats through the thick vegetation and wildlife. Not only will you be able to enjoy its natural beauty of the lagoon but the variety of exotic birds at the Birdââ¬â¢s island, which are bird sanctuaries full of black and white herons, pelicans, ducks, and dozens of other tropical species. Coyuca lagoon is als... joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-32028275068528052392020-03-02T05:53:00.001-08:002020-03-02T05:53:02.710-08:00Connotation and Denotation - Commonly Confused WordsConnotation and Denotation - Commonly Confused Words The nouns denotation and connotation both have to do with the meanings of words, but denotative meaning isnt quite the same as connotative meaning. Definitions The noun denotation refers to the direct or explicit meaning of a word or phrase - that is, its dictionary definition. Verb: denote. Adjective: denotative.The nounà connotationà refers to the implied meaning or association of a word or phrase apart from the thing it explicitly identifies. A connotation can be positive or negative. Verb:à connote. Adjective:à connotative. It is possible for the connotation and denotation of a word or phrase to be in conflict with each other. Denotation is typically straightforward, while connotations develop in social contexts. The connotation of a word may vary between different groups, eras, or settings, so context is crucial. See the usage notes below. Also see: Choosing the Best Words: Denotations and ConnotationsCommonly Confused Words: Connote and DenoteConnotationà andà DenotationGlossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words Examples and Context The southern accent was the primary identifying mark of the hillbilly; the term has a definite regional connotation. . . .à The term also suggested that those to whom it was applied had a rural origin; thisà connotationà persists in later descriptions of the hillbillies. Most important, it had a definite classà connotation.(Lewis M. Killian,à White Southerners, rev. ed. University of Massachusetts Press, 1985)You do realize that saying we need to talk to your girlfriend has ominousà connotations?(Kay Panabaker as Daphne Powell in the television programà No Ordinary Family, 2011)The denotation of a word is its prescribed, dictionary-type definition. For example, the sentence you just read gives you the denotation of the word denotation, because it told you its definition.(David Rush, A Student Guide to Play Analysis. Southern Illinois University Press, 2005) Usage Notesà The Relative Weight of Denotative and Connotative MeaningsIndividual words vary considerably in the relative weight of their denotative and connotative meanings. Most technical terms, for example, have very little connotation. That is their virtue: they denote an entity or concept precisely and unambiguously without the possible confusion engendered by fringe meanings: diode, spinnaker, cosine. We may think of such words as small and compactall nucleus, so to speak. . . .Connotation looms larger than denotation in other cases. Some words have large and diffuse meanings. What matters is their secondary or suggestive meanings, not their relatively unimportant denotations. The expression old-fashioned, for instance, hauls a heavy load of connotations. It denotes belonging to, or characteristic of, the past. But far more important than that central meaning is the connotation, or rather two quite different connotations, that have gathered about the nucleus: (1) valuable, worthy of honor a nd emulation and (2) foolish, ridiculous, out-of-date; to be avoided. With such words the large outer, or connotative, circle is significant; the nucleus small and insignificant.(Thomas S. Kane, The New Oxford Guide to Writing. Oxford University Press, 1988) Connotation and ContextDenotation tends to be described as theà definitional,à literal, obvious or common-sense meaning of aà sign. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what theà dictionaryà attempts to provide. . . . The term connotation is used to refer to the socio-cultural and personal associations (ideological, emotional, etc.) of the sign. These are typically related to the interpreters class, age, gender, ethnicity and so on. Connotation is thusà context-dependent.(Daniel Chandler,à Semiotics: The Basics, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2007)ComplicationsThe distinction between denotation and connotation was important in literary criticism and theory from the 1930s to the 1970s. The denotation of a word or phrase is its literal or obvious meaning or reference as specified in a dictionary; the connotations of a word or phrase are the secondary or associated significances that it commonly suggests or implies. This distinction is complicated in practice bec ause many words have more than one denotation and because dictionaries sometimes include definitions of a word based on connotation as well as denotation. E.g., the first set of definitions of the word rose given by the OED tells us that a rose is both a well-known beautiful and fragrant flower and a rose-plant, rose-bush, or rose-tree; in addition, the OED gives a number of allusive, emblematic, or figurative uses (e.g., a bed of roses or under the rose) that reveal the huge store of cultural connotations associated with the flower.(T. Furniss, Connotation and Denotation. The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, 4th ed.. edited by Stephen Cushman et al, Princeton University Press, 2012) Practiceà (a) There is a human sense that an agreementalmost any agreementwill bring peace, but also a fear that it will compromise the national sovereignty. Negotiation with another nation may carry the positive _____ of overcoming conflict but also the negative_____ of betraying loyalties.(John H. Barton, The Politics of Peace. Stanford University Press, 1981)(b) The _____ of the word skinny is quite similar in definition to the word slim; however, when students are asked whether they would prefer to be called skinny or slim they usually answer slim.(Vicki L. Cohen and John Edwin Cowen, Literacy for Children in an Information Age: Teaching Reading, Writing, and Thinking. Thomson Wadsworth, 2008) Answers to Practice Exercises below. Answers to Practice Exercises: connotation and denotation (a)à (a) There is a human sense that an agreementalmost any agreementwill bring peace, but also a fear that it will compromise the national sovereignty. Negotiation with another nation may carry the positive connotationà of overcoming conflict but also the negative connotation of betraying loyalties.(John H. Barton,à The Politics of Peace. Stanford University Press, 1981)(b) The denotation of the word skinny is quite similar in definition to the word slim; however, when students are asked whether they would prefer to be called skinny or slim they usually answer slim.(Vicki L. Cohen and John Edwin Cowen, Literacy for Children in an Information Age: Teaching Reading, Writing, and Thinking. Thomson Wadsworth, 2008) joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-60464744086444506112020-02-14T21:17:00.001-08:002020-02-14T21:17:03.009-08:00Cover letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4Cover letter - Essay Example I have always maintained an interest in computer software ever since I was a young child, but it was not until I worked as a summer intern at Perceptive Software in Shawnee, Kansas that I finally knew what career path I wanted to pursue for myself. While there, I was able to work with the software team to design and implement high-quality software, learn how to interface with other team members, and design and test the core components of the software projects. Once I had been hooked on computer software, I applied for and was accepted to a Computer Engineering major at Kansas State University. While studying at university, I have learned how to use various data structures in C++ and JAVA and OOP concepts in computer projects. I have also developed hardware design of digital boards and programming in C and JAVA. Although I have had little exposure to Microsoft .NET/C# and SQL technologies, I will learn as much as I can from the experienced developers who already work at Med Assets. The physical demands and work environment characteristics do not faze me at all as I already perform most of these tasks on a daily basis. Working with others who may have different work traits does not bother me in the slightest. I would also be willing to relocate to Plano, Texas on a permanent basis after I have completed my degree in Computer Engineering. I am looking forward to your response and will be waiting for the outcome. If would like to contact me to discuss this further then please call (785) 643-0378 or send me an email at roesner@ksu.edu . Thank you once again for your time and joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-30228458539847608462020-02-02T01:00:00.001-08:002020-02-02T01:00:03.460-08:00Literature Review on Digital Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsLiterature Review on Digital Economy - Essay Example Experts report that during the time of introduction of this tool to the world, policymakers explored the possibility of IT making a large impact, but in vain. This failure of IT became reinforced again in the 1990s, when IT began to revolutionize the world economy but again plunged into disaster with the ââ¬Å"dot-bombâ⬠implosion, the 2001 recession, and the NASDAQ collapse. These disasters have led to experts and policymakers forfeit confidence in the concept of IT and digital revolution. Nicholas Carr (2003, pp. 10) evaluated this technological tool by claiming that the improvements that it had the potential to bring about had either already been introduced, or were in the process. This statement represented the prevailing view of IT at that time, as people had started considering it insignificant for individual firms as well as the overall economy. This conclusion was a premature and incorrect one; as the technology went on to completely revolutionize the economy much more than initial prediction. This literature review aims to analyze the reasons behind this faltering confidence during these times. As one can observe in the world today, digital development in the economy is at a level that far exceeds earlier forecasts. However, contrary to predictions, this revolution has not come about due to a rise in e-commerce and other internet-related phenomenon. Instead, the main factor behind this revolution was the way people have managed to adopt IT in almost every aspect of life, inside as well as outside work. This digitally enabled economy was then able to achieve immense growth and prosperity in every aspect: education, business, trade, as well as monetary policy. One large factor behind this accelerated growth was the investment that firms made in software, hardware, as well as services related to IT and communications. It boosted productivity up to five times more than other capital such as buildings and plants could. The large role of IT in this major economic development i s apparent in the fact that sixty-seven percent of total factor productivity growth during the period of 1995 and 2002 was due to IT implementation in the US (Jorgenson et al, 2005). It also boosted the labor productivity in developing nations, and it is considered the main driver behind innovation and productivity growth in the recent years. Despite the major contributions of IT to the economy, not much research has gone into exploring the depths of this contribution. Through this literature review, we attempt to carry out this exploration. More specifically, we will be looking into the contributions of IT in ââ¬Ëimproving the quality of goods and services. A common misconception is that the scope of digital economy is limited to e-commerce. Its actual scope includes all applications of technology in the economy, including that of hardware, applications, and telecommunications. Each of these tools of IT has important applications in areas such as intercompany transactions, data management, internal processes in organizations and vendor-customer relations. These benefits apply to firms regardless of whether they belong to the public sector or the private sector. The revolution to the economy that information technology has brought about is comparable to the revolution that hardened steel brought to the industries a century ago, when it taught them how to construct steel tools that helped boost productivity immensely. Furthermore, it is difficult to grasp the true pervasiveness of IT in the world. It not only exists in technological joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-81069565212533901572020-01-24T21:22:00.001-08:002020-01-24T21:22:04.060-08:00Global Threat Assessment Essay -- Global Threat IntelligenceI. Introduction The United States is in an era where technology is advancing at a quicker pace than the education of society and its users can understand. This is a problem because the economic woes and critical infrastructures are included in every aspect of this fast paced evolution of technology. Threat topics will be discussed using multiple sources from the Internet and online library. An additional main source will be pulled directly from reports from the Director of National Intelligence, James R. Clapper. Discussions will Start with what a threat is and how a threat is assigned into categories; then moving to a discussion about the global threat landscape and which areas are critical to the United States shall be talked about along with what is necessary for the United States to keep up with the rapid pace of growth. At the top of the U.S. intelligence communityââ¬â¢s 2013 assessment of global threats is cyber, followed by terrorism and transnational organized crime, weapons of mass destruction proliferation, counterintelligence and space activities, insecurity and competition for natural resources, health and pandemic threats, and mass atrocities ("Defense.gov News Article: Cyber Tops Intel Communityââ¬â¢s 2013 Global Threat Assessment", n.d., p. xx-xx). Another topic that shall be discussed is critical infrastructure requirements and how cyber security is an important aspect in the planning and maintenance. Further discussion will identify what state and non-state actors are and which state and non-state actors threaten the United States. With this information, a conclusion on how these global threats affect how the policy makers try to defend the United States from these types of global threats. II. Whic... ...forcement, and Federal Protective Service. Policy makers are responsible for performing a never ending task of adapting to the global threats and how they pertain to critical infrastructure in the United States. Works Cited 2013 Global Threat Intelligence | Solutionary Press Release. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.solutionary.com/news-events/press-releases/2013/03/2013-global-threat-intelligence/ Defense.gov News Article: Cyber Tops Intel Community?s 2013 Global Threat Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=119776 Top 7 developments in the global threat landscape - CXOtoday.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cxotoday.com/story/top-7-developments-in-the-global-threat-landscape/ USA Patriot Act of 2001. (2001, Oct. 26). Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-107publ56/pdf/PLAW-107publ56.pdf Global Threat Assessment Essay -- Global Threat Intelligence I. Introduction The United States is in an era where technology is advancing at a quicker pace than the education of society and its users can understand. This is a problem because the economic woes and critical infrastructures are included in every aspect of this fast paced evolution of technology. Threat topics will be discussed using multiple sources from the Internet and online library. An additional main source will be pulled directly from reports from the Director of National Intelligence, James R. Clapper. Discussions will Start with what a threat is and how a threat is assigned into categories; then moving to a discussion about the global threat landscape and which areas are critical to the United States shall be talked about along with what is necessary for the United States to keep up with the rapid pace of growth. At the top of the U.S. intelligence communityââ¬â¢s 2013 assessment of global threats is cyber, followed by terrorism and transnational organized crime, weapons of mass destruction proliferation, counterintelligence and space activities, insecurity and competition for natural resources, health and pandemic threats, and mass atrocities ("Defense.gov News Article: Cyber Tops Intel Communityââ¬â¢s 2013 Global Threat Assessment", n.d., p. xx-xx). Another topic that shall be discussed is critical infrastructure requirements and how cyber security is an important aspect in the planning and maintenance. Further discussion will identify what state and non-state actors are and which state and non-state actors threaten the United States. With this information, a conclusion on how these global threats affect how the policy makers try to defend the United States from these types of global threats. II. Whic... ...forcement, and Federal Protective Service. Policy makers are responsible for performing a never ending task of adapting to the global threats and how they pertain to critical infrastructure in the United States. Works Cited 2013 Global Threat Intelligence | Solutionary Press Release. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.solutionary.com/news-events/press-releases/2013/03/2013-global-threat-intelligence/ Defense.gov News Article: Cyber Tops Intel Community?s 2013 Global Threat Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=119776 Top 7 developments in the global threat landscape - CXOtoday.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cxotoday.com/story/top-7-developments-in-the-global-threat-landscape/ USA Patriot Act of 2001. (2001, Oct. 26). Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-107publ56/pdf/PLAW-107publ56.pdf joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-66589149290942254062020-01-16T17:46:00.001-08:002020-01-16T17:46:04.710-08:00Discussion/ Technology and Operations managementCustomization is here to stay and has become part of us. An achievement begins with strategies that know what to modify instead of only dealing with difficulties in management. The Working together of both the operations and marketing departments improves results (Orlando, 2007). According to Booz & Company (2008) lack of coordination by the marketing department and project management in doing some particular activities sets prices too high. This in turn affects the performance of customization strategies. Relationship between project management and marketing managementThe o relationship between project management and marketing management is the objectives need to be the same. Marketingââ¬â¢s main objective is to meet the demand and supply of consumers without thinking of prices. The project manager is supposed to find a way to minimize these costs. (Booz & Company, 2008). They need to come to some level of agreement in terms of setting objectives so that they set specific objecti ves that reduces costs and keeps consumers satisfied. The other relationship between marketers and operations is cutting costs and satisfying consumersââ¬â¢ needs.There seems to be a conflict between project management and marketing department. Instead of cooperating with each other, they are at loggerheads. Marketing wants many varieties to choose from while operations want to make those changes at low costs. The other relationship between the two departments is that they are reimbursed differently. Marketing revolves around unit sales while project management main concern is about reducing manufacturing cost. Project managers and marketers do not have the same interests.This factor can strain there relationship between them. Project managers are technicians and doers. While marketers do not deal with specific issues (Booz & Company, 2008). Other relationship that they share between them is reduction of costs. When project managers, cut down costs and do not consult marketersâ⠬⢠then that becomes a problem. Relevance of project management in the work force Project management and marketing management are important to each other and there is need for harmonization for the two when working together.One department cannot do without the other, they are essential to each other (Booz & company,2008). The operations person assumes that, the sales people do not appreciate the cost factors while the sales people assume that the operations people do not appreciate that consumers are everything (Booz & company, 2008). There is need for a truce because in the event that they do not consult with each other it can bring to much variety of goods or cause costs to escalate (Booz & company, 2008).Another importance is the involvement of top leadership in encouraging dialogue between the two departments. In addition, there needs to be a meeting where both, project management and marketing department discuss about strategies to create teams that are cross -functional. Th e relevance of finding a common ground to discuss these issues is of great importance as it attributes to actions that solely base on costing analysis (Booz & Company, 2008). What is apparent is what choices are made and when to make them.The importance is to know the main objective of your organizationââ¬â¢s purpose, as this will boost productions as well as marketing productivity. Appreciating both the real price and worth of the goods is important (Booze &Company, 2008). Organizations should centre there attention on customer understanding and set customizable elements into specific packages as an alternative of giving thousands of variations (Booze &Company, 2008). Incorporating strategic partners is essential in investigating costs productions (Orlando, 2007).Conclusion It is therefore apparent that project management helps in reducing cost productions, in the case of Egol, Booz &company, (2008) remembers a situation where he modified nearly all the machinery in trying to pl ease the consumers wants because they had specific requirements. If consumers are overwhelmed with goods to buy, they get so confused until they do not but at all. If here was an operational management they would have stopped the over indulgence. Reference Booz & Company. (2008).The challenge of customization: Bringing Operations and Marketing together the global commercial consulting firm. Retrieved on 22nd July 2009. Available at http://www.strategy-business.com/press/sbkw2/sbkwarticle/sbkw040616?tid=230&pg= Orlando, F. S. (2007). Centered collaboration2007, Retrieved on 22nd à July 2009. Available at http://www.gmaonline.org/events/2007/isld/presentations/overcomingc.pdf. Discussion/ Technology and Operations Management International Project management is very essential to control resource usage to ensure quality productions. International projects involve many people with different cultures and backgrounds. It is therefore necessary to have management system that harmonizes the cultural, social, political and economic differences amongst them. Project manager should be tactical and wise in decision making to ensure every project member is well catered for and maximum utilization of the resources is achieved to meet project objectives (Kwak, 2002). Development of an international project management plan in workplaceInternational project development environments are affected with many factors originating from within and outside the development environments by nature. International project development plan may be affected by cultural, social, political and economic factors and so the management plan should consider all these factors (Kwak, 2002). The international project management plan should consid er all possible physical factors in the countries involved for mitigation. In addition, the laws and regulations governing different countries should be considered to ensure political stability.With the political factors solved, there will be improved returns on investments due to reduction in risks resulting from uncertainties in the international project development environment. In any business, there has to be legal requirements to be met. An international project development management system has to meet all the legal requires in terms of government policies and regulations. These factors may affect prices, exchange rates in the markets, taxations and even financial management systems. This may lead to some people losing their jobs and others incurring losses in the business.As a business right, political factors should be well managed to ensure market stability for the market users (Kwak, 2002). Cultural factors such as style or values should be considered when developing an in ternational project development management system. Since some countries are not aware of the some cultural resources in other countries, assistance should be provided to facilitate the international projects development process. Cultural value should be put into consideration when designing the management system. When planning for an international project management system, technological factors should be put in to consideration.This is because technological designs and level of use vary from country to country (Kwak, 2002). This may lead to varied participation levels in a project and so a project manager should consider the variation to successfully manage a project. Employing project management techniques to skillfully and ethically lead complex international projects in organizations Project management is a technique through which projects can be evaluated to encourage soft skills application in contrast with the hard skills to achieve the project goals.Soft skills are mostly ba sed on the technical resources required to carryout a project such as stakeholdersââ¬â¢ contributions, collaboration or teamwork, organizational behaviors and management strategies (Marques, 2005). According to Harold (2005), for a successful project management in an organization, skillful and ethical techniques for a success in a complex or large organization are as follows. First, there has to be process integrations in the organizations. Integration of processes involves forming teamwork or collaborations in a project to ensure every memberââ¬â¢s requirements are catered for in the product design.In addition, teamwork ensures success because of improved participation amongst members. Second, incorporation of cultural values at the design stages of a management system. Incorporation of the cultural values in multicultural organization will ensure equitable presentation of all members rights and therefore not to lower their dignity or abuse their rights (Harold, 2005). Third, information and support managements, which includes monitoring and assessing the communication systems to capture everyoneââ¬â¢s views in terms of comments or suggestions.Forth, trainings should be provided to all members of an organization particularly in technology use to enable them to embrace technology use. In many occasions, management well trained employees in an organization are highly empowered and they participate fully in all areas within the organization to improve productivity. Fifth, behavioral excellence that involves instilling ethical values to the employees. Employees have to know their rights and how to protect them in the organization.Management system should provide fro a way in which petitions in the working environment can be solved fairly to create unity and harmony amongst workers (Harold, 2005). Diversity & cross-cultural perspectives, Team building skills, Decision making in the workplace In a multicultural environment, there has to be change managemen t, which enables new members in the organization to be induced well and successful fit in the new working environment. Decision-making based production methods should be put in to considerations to avoid resource wastages and satisfy all internal requirements in an organization.Lean manufacturing should be adopted to only produce when needed to minimize resource consumption in the organization (Joomla, 2009). In addition to lean manufacturing, project management should be carried out in all projects in an organization. This is to ensure quality performances to continuously improve in productions. Project management will also ensure cost effective use of resources particularly in a large and complex organization. In diverse and multicultural organizations, conflicts are likely to happen due to the cultural and environmental differences.Conflict management system should be availed to provide fair judgments to the organizational members. Teamwork or collaboration should be encouraged t o facilitate decision-making and enhance innovativeness (Joomla, 2009). Enhanced decision making and innovativeness will lead to quality production through making good plans for investments. Innovation may also lead to improvements in the supply chain levels. A well-managed supply chain model can be improved through innovation or technology use to eliminate non-value adding processes to production processes.Conclusion Project management is very fundamental in all projects whether in large or small organizations. International project management is just as necessary as the local ones (Marques, 2005). In multicultural organizations, the employees have to be trained on various social, cultural, political and economic factors to ensure uniformity during a joint project. Project managers are required to consider the cultural factors when designing a management structure for all the members to be accommodated and be free to fully participate in the organizational tasks. Reference: Harold, K. (2005). Advanced Project Management best Practices on Implementation, 2nd ed, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey Joomla. (2009). Certification, Innovation, Decision Making, Project Management, Team Building, Conflict Management: Certification Programs for Educational and Business Organizations Standards or Courses Custom Designed for your Organization. Joomla. Viewed on 13th June 2009, Available at http://endeavourprojects.com/Joomla Kwak, Y. H. (2002). Critical Success Factors in International Development Project Management. Viewed on 13th June 2009. Available at http://home.gwu.edu/~kwak/Kwak_CIB65_2002.pdf Marques, G. M. (2005). Discussion of the distinguishing features of Project Management in the 21st Century. Viewed on 13th June 2009. Available at http://www.caaei.org/anexos/65.doc joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-71089007863936726602020-01-08T14:09:00.001-08:002020-01-08T14:09:05.129-08:00Mental Health Problems Coexisting Substance Use Essay Coexisting Substance Use Mental Health Problems Introduction In this essay I am going to respond to the six questions provided in relation to the article, ââ¬Å"Help-seeking for substance use, anxiety and affective disorders among young people: results from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeingâ⬠(Reavley N, Cvetkovski S, Jorm A, Lubman D, 2010) in comparison to a NZ clinical alcohol and other drug (AOD) cohort which the article is entitled ââ¬Å"Coexisting psychiatric disorders in a New Zealand outpatient alcohol and other drug clinical populationâ⬠(Adamson SJ, Todd FC, Sellman D, Huriwai T, Porter J, 2006) . Compare the research sample in the article mentioned, with client cohort relevant to a Newâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Studies that have been conducted throughout the world have estimated that between 66% and 76% of young people who have substance use disorders also have another co-occurring disorder (The Werry Centre, 2013). When bringing it into the New Zealand context they report ââ¬Å"39.5% of the general population will experience some form of mental health disorder in their lives with 50% of these people experiencing the first of those disorders by the age of 18.â⬠It is noted that anxiety disorders are the highest prevalence at age 13 similarly the median age for onset for substance abuse is 18. The highest susceptibility for the onset of developing a mental illness occurs between the ages of 15-18. When thinking about the New Zealand AOD context Adamson et al. (2006) reports that 75% of the participants were diagnosed with a current co-existing mental disorder wi th 90% of the participants meeting the sample for a lifetime mental illness diagnosis. Furthermore when thinking about youth and AOD use co-existing with a mental health disorder, The Werry Centre (2013) report that 37.6% of youth have co-morbid substance use disorders. Seventeen percent of these people report to have anxiety. In summary in New Zealand it is reported that young people in both community and clinical populations have high rates of co-existing problems ranging from 15-63%. What area of AOD clinical work is this research most relevant to? In regards to relevance to clinical workShow MoreRelatedComorbidity Disorder In Children Essay1063 Words à |à 5 PagesDisorder (ODD) is ADHD, which transpires in fourteen percent to forty percent of children that has ODD, particularly in the ODD children that have more predominant symptoms of defiant and headstrongness. APA (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), states that the Oppositional Defiant Disorder rates are a great deal higher in the population samples of children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, due to mutual temperamental risk factors. Due to theRead MoreUnderstanding Bipolar Disorder in Children4023 Words à |à 17 Pagesdysfunctional behavior. School is often the site where mental health disorders are observed when comparing behaviors with other children. Assessing the emotional, academic, and health needs of a student with a bipolar disorder is a critical step in designing effective interventions and sc hool accommodations. Without appropriate medical, psychological, pharmaceutical, and academic interventions, a child is at risk for uncontrolled mania, depression, substance abuse, or suicide. The school nurse is part ofRead MoreAnnual Productivity Enhancement : Challenges And Resolutions Training Package1555 Words à |à 7 PagesDual Diagnosis? Broadly used dual diagnosis can said to be a person who experiences, simultaneously, two or more medical disorders. Moreover it is generally thought of as a person who has a form of addiction (predominantly drug addiction) and mental health disorder. â⬠¢ Dual Diagnosis (ACTIVITY) Please take a minute and click on the hyperlink below to watch the following short clip: Dual Diagnosis Treatment: What Works Best? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0hw-XiSsDQ â⬠¢ Dual Diagnosis with the intellectuallyRead MoreAdhd Research Paper740 Words à |à 3 Pages (2014); Ertekin, et. al.,). Often, adults with ADHD also experience a negative effect on socio-personal adaptation (Miranda et al., 2014). Young adults with ADHD fall I not the category between Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, also known as CAMHS, and Adult Mental Health Service, or AMHS: it is possible that ADHD in adults is not recognizable (Swift, Sayal, Hollis, 2014). Swift, Sayal, and Hollis (2014) have reviewed that 139 young adults who identified that 37% of those young adultsRead MoreEvaluation And Treatment Of Dual Disorders Essay2082 Words à |à 9 Pageseffectively and ineffectively addressed the needs of individuals with coexisting disorders. Assessment has five steps when working with clients with dual disorders. The five steps include: detection, classification, functional assessment, functional analysis, and treatment planning. Each of the five steps incorporate specific goals, instruments, and strategies. The first step detection goal involves recognizing clients with a drug problem. ââ¬Å"The instrument most commonly used is The Dartmouth AssessmentRead MoreA Dsm Diagnosis Of The Client1267 Words à |à 6 Pagescase study Unspecified feeding or eating disorder 307.50 (F50.9) Persistent Depressive Disorder 300.4(F34.1), with mixed features, partial remission, early onset, moderate Specific Learning Disorder 315.00(F81.0) with impairment in reading Alcohol Use Disorder, in early remission, 305.00(F10.10) Delirium 291.0(F10.121) Contributing factor; Grade Retention and Low self-esteem An explanation of your rationale for assigning the diagnosis on the basis of the DSM Case Study Rationale Relevant BackgroundRead MoreChemical Dependency2257 Words à |à 10 PagesDependency or Substance Dependency and Substance Abuse in Adolescents; specifically the development, progression and biopsychosocial of dependency and abuse in the adolescent population. The definition of epidemiology and diagnosis will be addressed. Lastly three treatment options including the range of severity will be provided. There is difference between substance abuse and substance dependence. The distinction between the two is characterized by the role they play in a personââ¬â¢s life. Substance dependenceRead MoreThe Importance Of Ruck Up A Nonprofit Corporation That Is Recognized By The Secretary Of The State As A Veteran s971 Words à |à 4 Pageshomeless.â⬠The focus of Ruck up has been to help those veterans in crisis or through problem solving issues of advocacy, peer counseling/ support and outreach. These needs are often unable to be met by the mainstream Veteranââ¬â¢s Administration due to distance to a main VA facility and demand far greater than supply Through its advocacy program, Ruck up provides three mostly local primary services of housing, health care at Cheshire medical center, advocacy of filling out and completing VA claims asRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Depression1705 Words à |à 7 Pagesworkers may see families with a variety of problems. They help families deal with poverty, abuse, and health care concerns or problems. There are variety jobs under the social service category. Some workers might help people find homes, or temporary shelters, while others help families deal with the effects of abuse such as sexual and physical. Other workers might deal with families that are being affected by a health disorder such as mental illness. Mental illness affects people of all ages. It doesRead MoreAddiction And Addiction Recovery Program Essay1331 Words à |à 6 Pagestherapy to work exclusively on its own. It is imperative that SUD/AOD counselors are educated regarding the various proven scientific research and evidenced based studies of the brain and the damage that occurs due to the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs. The problem with the current ways of treating addiction for decades is that there have been two myths that have hampered the treatment process. Myth one, the wide spread belief that addicts can quit if they really wanted to, and myth two joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-83049134656354033962019-12-31T10:35:00.001-08:002019-12-31T10:35:04.187-08:00The Best Books The Battle of Waterloojoangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-10494239972099528042019-12-23T06:22:00.001-08:002019-12-23T06:22:04.121-08:00Essay on Justin Biebers Unique Rise to Fame - 934 Words Who became the only artist to have five number one albums before turning 19 years old, the first person ever to reach a billion views on YouTube, and has made over 100 million dollars in less than three years, making him the most successful child star since Michael Jackson? No one other than Justin Bieber. Justin Bieber is the first to do many things, even by how he was discovered. What happens when a child star gets millions of dollars at such a young age, have to make adult decisions, and is forced to grow up in front of the spotlight? This downfall effect has destroyed and even taken the lives of some child stars. Will Bieber be the next train wreck? Justin Bieberââ¬â¢s early rise to the top has been impacted by social media, and now theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Later that day, inside the building Bieber got to finally sing for Usher, who immediately wanted to sign him. This led to a battle between Usher and Justin Timberlake of who would get to sign Bieber. When Bieber me t with L.A. Reid, he know that Usher would be who he would sign with. Bieber signed with Island Def Jam recording studios. This signing would lead to the very powerful upcoming of his early career (Justin Bieber.). With social media on his side, Bieber was continuing to grow in popularity through YouTube, Myspace, Twitter, and Facebook. His label doubted him at first, stating he would need Disney or Nickelodeon to help get him started. Bieber went ahead, knowing that the adults did not know how powerful social media was and is, and sought out to prove them wrong. Justin Bieberââ¬â¢s debut album was entitled My World and was released in November 2009. Usher appears as a guest vocalist on the album and also appears in the video for ââ¬ËOne Timeââ¬â¢. The track reached number one in Canada and also experienced global success. ââ¬ËOne Timeââ¬â¢ was followed by the release of singles such as ââ¬ËOne Less Lonely Girlââ¬â¢, ââ¬ËLove Meââ¬â¢, and ââ¬ËFavorite Girlââ¬â¢. During a promotional tour, Justin Bieber was due to appear at a shopping mall in Long Island, but the visit had to be cancelled when an unexpected crowd of over 3,000 turned up and threatened to breach s afety. A number of Bieberââ¬â¢s fans suffered minor injuries. The Vice joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-48342295891458929462019-12-15T02:52:00.001-08:002019-12-15T02:52:06.397-08:00Sun Tracking Control Strategy Engineering Essay Free Essays It is good known that in theory, 41 % more sunshine is available by tracking the PV faculty to follow the day-to-day class of the Sun, comparative to fixed installings. The overall aim of this survey is to develop a control algorithm that improved public presentation and dependability the two-axis solar tracker. To accomplish this end, this survey dressed ore on optimising the LM3S811 based accountant board, thrust hardware and package. We will write a custom essay sample on Sun Tracking Control Strategy Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Keywords: embedded system design, two-axis Sun trailing, control algorithm. Aà ±ntroductAà ±on Solar energy systems and equipment such as PV and twenty-four hours illuming systems, solar aggregators, and solar-powered heat engines work best when their aggregators aim straight at the Sun. Adding a solar tracker to these systems increases their efficiencies at the disbursal of initial and operational costs and system complexness. It has been estimated that the usage of a trailing system, over a fixed system, can increase the power end product by 20 % ââ¬â 40 % with cost addition 10 % -30 % [ 1-3 ] . Since the Sun ââ¬Ës place in the sky alterations with the seasons and the clip of twenty-four hours, tracker is used to aline the aggregation system to maximise energy production. Several factors must be considered when finding the usage of trackers. Some of these include: the solar engineering being used, the sum of direct solar irradiation, feed-in duties in the part where the system is deployed, and the cost to put in and keep the trackers. Concentrated applications like concentrated photovoltaic panels ( CPV ) or concentrated solar power ( CSP ) require a high grade of truth to guarantee the sunshine is directed exactly at the focal point of the reflector or lens. The two basic classs of trackers are individual axis and double axis. Single axis solar trackers can either hold a horizontal or a perpendicular axis. In concentrated solar power applications, individual axis tracker is used with parabolic and additive Fresnel mirror designs. Dual axis solar trackers have both a horizontal and a perpendicular axis leting them to track the Sun ââ¬Ës evident gesture virtually anyplace in the universe This paper presents a control scheme for a two axes solar tracker that is executed in an ARM based Stellaris L3S811 microcontroller. Correct sun place is inferred from the GPS. The proposed control scheme consists of a combination between ; an unfastened cringle tracking scheme, and a closed cringle scheme. The overall aim of this survey is to develop a control algorithm that improves public presentation and dependability the two-axis Sun tracker. To accomplish this end, this survey concentrates on optimising the accountant board, thrust hardware and package. Two-axAà ±s Sun tracker The Sun ââ¬Ës beams can be decomposed into two constituents, one perpendicular to the panel surface, and the other analogue to the surface, where merely the former radiation can be received by the panel. Therefore, the angle between the Sun ââ¬Ës beams and the normal of the panel which is called the incident angle should be every bit little as possible. Incidence angle alterations with the diurnal and seasonal fluctuations. Therefore, the fixed-installed solar aggregators can non to the full absorb the solar radiation energy. If at any clip by automatically tracking solar aggregators, panel place can be adjusted harmonizing to the Sun ââ¬Ës flight to cut down the incidence angle ; it will be able to absorb more solar radiation energy than the fixed panels in the same irradiation conditions. The panel of dual-axis Sun tracking system rotates around the two reciprocally perpendicular shafts, AZ shaft and lift shaft, shown in Fig 1. It will track the Sun ââ¬Ës AZ angle and l ift angle, so that the panel can accomplish incident angle of 0. Two methods are normally used in solar trailing to place and follow the place of the Sun at any blink of an eye of clip between dawn and sundown: the closed cringle control method and the unfastened cringle control method. The closed cringle control method uses several feedback detectors such as LDR, photodiode, light-intensity detectors, mention cells and a signal processing circuit [ 4-6 ] . The signal processing circuit compares the end product signals of the detectors and operates on a feedback cringle with the coveted signal status. The end of the cringle is to bring forth maximal entire mistake signal from detectors by continuously seting the tracker way until the shadow on the detectors is the lower limit. A drawback of the closed cringle control method is that it can non efficaciously track the Sun on a cloudy twenty-four hours without a robust algorithm. Fig. -Structure of the two-axis Sun tracker. The unfastened cringle control method uses the longitude and latitude informations of the solar tracker location to find and track the place of the Sun [ 7, 8 ] . It has the advantages of easy scheduling and high truth. The system is simpler and cheaper than the closed-loop type of Sun tracking systems [ 9 ] . It does non detect the end product of the procedures that it is commanding. However, a fixed get downing way of the tracker at dawn every twenty-four hours is required in this method. Therefore, the get downing way of the tracker must be corrected from clip to clip. Consequently, an open-loop system can non rectify any mistakes so that it could do and may non counterbalance for perturbations in the system. Specifying Elevation and Azimuth Angles The algorithm for Sun trailing uses the solar lift, i?à ±e and azimuth, i?à ±A angles computed at the solar tracker location. The tracker must be aligned horizontally to find the lift and AZ angles accurately along with the hr and decline angles with regard to the heavenly equator or plane as depicted in Fig.1. Solar lift, i?à ±e is the angle between the skyline and the line linking the beginning and the Sun that is, the complement of the zenith angle. Solar AZ, i?à ±A is the angular supplanting of the projection of the line to the Sun onto the horizontal plane from the south axis. The solar lift angle, i?à ±e, of the orientation system in the perpendicular plane, ?e, can be calculated as follows [ 9 ] sini?à ±e=sini?à ¤ sini?à ¦ +cosi?à ¤ cosi?à ¦ cosi?à · ( 1 ) Where e is the lift angle of the system i?à ¦ is the latitude. is the hr angle ( 15 A ; deg ; / hr ) , where ? = 0 at local midday. is the solar decline, where ? is calculated from Cooper ââ¬Ës equation, ( 2 ) N is the twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth ( 1 ââ¬â 365 ) with N = 1 stand foring the 1st of January. Fig. ââ¬â The relation between lift and zenith angles. The azimuth angle of the system in the horizontal plane, ?A, is calculated as [ 9 ] . ( 3 ) The solar trailing system normally returns to its initial remainder place after sundown, and starts to track the Sun after the Sun rises above the skyline. The dawn and sunset times can be calculated utilizing [ 13 ] for system location. DesAà ±gn and application 3.1. Mechanical Design The panels ââ¬Ë support construction was designed with two grades of freedom in order to change the disposition and orientation. Besides, the construct of the panel ââ¬Ës support every bit good as the system that allows this support to go around around the two axes was developed. The tracker is composed of a fixed base which is straight on the land, holding a mechanism that connects the base to the back uping construction of the panels. This mechanism consists of two parts, which have a grade of freedom ( from each other ) in two axes. For altering the disposition of the construction, extra linear actuator is mounted to the solar tracker control system. Linear actuators are highly precise by design, particularly when compared to pneumatic and hydraulic solutions. Screw based mechanical additive actuators allow to progress or withdraw the motivation rod by highly little increases, which is required for the exact placement of solar tracker. Electric additive actuator consumes highly low electricity and are available in 12 Volts d.c. it can be powered by the solar panel itself supported by a battery. Linear actuators can be remarkably little, particularly when sing the scope of gesture that is required for traveling the Sun tracker. Photograph of the mechanical construction is shown in Fig. 3. Fig. ââ¬â Mechanical construction of the Sun tracker. 3.2. Hardware Design The hardware design combines the embedded microcontroller with two DC motor drivers, rotational DC motor, DC motor controlled additive actuator, solar rotary motion mechanism, GPS, pyranometer, wind gauge, tilt switches and MEMBS based inclinometer. A general block diagram of the control system is shown in Fig. 4. Global placement system ( GPS ) is connected to the microcontroller via a standard consecutive RS-232 port. GPS sends to the microcontroller sentences, that contains a twine of characters, continuously. These sentences chiefly include longitude, latitude, height, day of the month and clip for location where GPS is placed. Since microcontroller has the existent clip clock circuitry, it is moderately accurate over short periods, but it needs standardization sporadically. As a consequence, the GPS clock signal is used to update the microcontroller ââ¬Ës internal clip sporadically and therefore effects of the long term mistakes are eliminated. As portion of the attempt to better solar tracker dependability and better understanding public presentation, a pyranometer is being added to solar tracker. This pyranometer allows the informations acquisition system to mensurate exactly the irradiance witnessed by the PV faculties on that tracker, and therefore better supervise the impact of the tracking algorithm on the energy end product of the system. Solar tracker steps tilt angle with potentiometer that has long-run dependability job. A higher dependability option is a solid-state inclinometer. It has three chief advantages ; inherently higher dependability, higher declaration less than 0.1 A ; deg ; , direct measuring of angle. In this undertaking, micro electromechanical systems based on electronic inclinometer ADXL345 is used [ 11 ] . Digital end product informations is formatted as 16-bit two ââ¬Ës complement and is accessible through either a SPI ( 3- or 4-wire ) or I2C digital interface The inclinometer would typically be mounted straight underneath a tracker ââ¬Ës plane, from where the disposition can be measured. Fig. ââ¬â Sun Tracker control system block diagram. The solar tracker is fitted with bound switches to guarantee robust operation. A micro roller switch mounted on the base of the solar tracker prevents multiple revolution completion of the AZ tracking phase. The solar aggregator besides includes two more bound switches on the zenith tracking phase to forestall over travel harm to the additive actuator mechanism. The initial reset balance usage tilt switches. The mechanism include four tilt switches ( E, West, south and north ) To protect tracker constituents from over air current velocity, system besides requires an wind gauge to mensurate wind velocity. Consequently, we need powerful and cost-efficient microcontroller to link all these parts and manage to track the Sun. It must hold two consecutive port, ( UART ) one for communicate computing machine the other 1 for GPS, two PWM signals for motor A and motor B, one I2C port for solid-state inclinometer, hardware counter input for wind gauge, parallel input for pyranometer, at least four digital inputs for tilt switches. In add-on, these characteristics we need package development tools for microcontroller. Sing the computation of the mentioned before, 32-Bit Stellaris microprocessor LM3S811 which is optimized for small-footprint embedded applications, fits best to the Sun tracker system. TI Stellaris LM3S811 microcontroller has a Reduced Instruction Set Coding ( RISC ) ARM nucleus, internal oscillators, timers, UART, USB, SPI, pull-up resistances, PWM, ADC, parallel comparator and watch-dog timers are some of the characteristics [ 10 ] . Software Design The developed Sun tracking algorithm enables high-precision finding of Sun angles and times for dawn, solar midday and sunset year-round. The flow chart of the algorithm is drawn in Fig. 5. The computation of the Sun angles with the Sun tracking algorithm package merely requires the specification of the day of the month, clip and exact longitude, latitude and lift of the location through a GPS system. Fig. ââ¬â Flow chart of Sun tracking algorithm. The algorithm we developed for the control of the Sun tracker is composed of two chief subdivisions. In the input subdivision, the solar lift and AZ angles every bit good as dawn, sundown, solar midday and present solar times are calculated harmonizing to subdivision 2 and used as shared variables in other parts of the package. When the system starts, Stellaris foremost sets tracker to the place place and so takes GPS information to cipher the Sun set and rise times. The present solar clip is compared with the dawn and sunset times to find whether tracking should get down or halt. At dark clip, it waits following sample clip. Sample clip period may be defined harmonizing to proficient restraints. First restraint is GPS hot start clip that is 1 second for GPS. It can non be shorter than this value. The other restraint is the energy consumed by motor A and B during one tracking measure. We set sample clip to 2 minute during experimental work. The present solar clip between dawn and sun set clip ââ¬Ës Stellaris reads pyronometer value to look into if there is adequate solar radiation to bring forth power. Otherwise, Sun tracker stays at place place until solar radiation rise to lower bound of solar radiation. After solar radiation reaches the coveted value, so algorithm reads anemometer value to specify whether the Sun tracker can travel safely. If non, Sun tracker stays at place place at least during one sample clip. Otherwise, it starts tracking the Sun. In the end product subdivision of the algorithm, the package takes azimuth, ?A, and lift, ?e, angles from shared variables and converts them to drive gesture. The deliberate angles ?e, ?A, are so subtracted from the old place values. Harmonizing to the obtained angle difference and their marks, microcontroller sends PWM and way signals to the motor accountants. Motor A and motor B takes solar panel to the new place. Motor A can drive solar panels to turn in the horizontal plane in order to track the alterations in AZ angle ; its positive place is westbound. Similarly, motor B can drive solar panels to turn in the manner of fliping so as to track the alterations of solar lift angle ; its positive way is downward. At the terminal of tracking, the place of mechanisms demands to be defined. The electronic inclinometer ADXL345 sends x, Y, omega axis values to the Stellaris. This digital axis values are converted to angles by the microcontroller. By comparing the mensural angles with deliberate angles, the two motors take different motions to complete come up to the coveted place of the solar panel. Finally, when this twenty-four hours is over, the system backs to the place place to wait for the following twenty-four hours. ResultS and dAà ±scussAà ±on Sun tracker was tested both in the research lab and out-of-doorss utilizing SM-55 solar panel [ 12 ] . During the out-of-door trial, the Sun tracking system was moved to outside of a edifice so that we could compare the consequences between fixed place and two-axis Sun tracking systems. During a 24-hour test period, the two-axis solar tracker was required to run for about 2 proceedingss every hr to keep proper alliance with the Sun. Fig. ââ¬â Outdoor trial consequences of sun tracker. During the trial procedure, solar panel charged to the battery, and solar panel current and electromotive force values were measured and stored every minute utilizing a information lumberman. End of the twenty-four hours, the solar panel, charged the battery up to 408.2 Watt-hour energy for about 11 hours. The recorded information on the twenty-four hours 5.5.2012 proved that the two-axis solar tracking PV panel produced more energy than the fixed 1 with about 40.7 % . ConclusAà ±on In this survey, a cost effectual two-axis Sun tracker has been developed. The ARM Cortex-M3 nucleus microprocessor successfully calculated the tilt angle of the solar panel in order to look into the accurate Sun lift angle. The placement technique, which has been investigated by the DC motor and additive actuator, reduced the mistake in turn uping the lift AZ angles to 0.1 A ; deg ; . The proposed tracker has increased the energy collected by 40.7 % . How to cite Sun Tracking Control Strategy Engineering Essay, Essay examples joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-52975790933710770242019-12-06T23:32:00.001-08:002019-12-06T23:32:03.511-08:00Marketing of Service Products for GrainCorp - myassignmenthelp Question: Discuss about theMarketing of Service Products for GrainCorp Company. Answer: Introduction GrainCorp Company is Australian based with its main headquarters at south Sidney. The companys main activity is to buy and receive grains from the farmers, restore them safely for reselling them later. The company provides safe transport means of the various grains from the farmers and later to their esteemed customers to enhancing proper handling, storage and distribution of the grains at a later date to their customers. With active branches in over 30 countries worldwide, the company has several bulk Grain Ports evenly distributed at their main branches to enhance distribution and receiving of their grain products. Among the various edible oil producers, GrainCorp is one providing these services to their consumers (FDI rules, 2014). Service provider description Last year 2016, GrainCorp Company celebrated its a hundredth birthday with a sign that it has been in existences for such a longer period compared to other recent agribusiness units in the market today. With a mission and vision to develop in to being one of the major Agribusiness companies in the world and by providing the best services to their customers, the company has made an impact in the industry. The company is valued for its commitment to enhancing good value on their products and also enhancing safety measures for their employees as well (O'Keeffe, 2017). The companys market is based on two marketing aspects, product and market orientation. Product orientation refers to the activities enhanced to ensuring that products involved are in good shape. While, market orientation refers to the means enhanced in creating and advancing product market by getting new customers and also working to maintain the existing once in the market (Swilley,2014).). Following the marketing approac h, I was able to acquire products from GrainCorp. Quality grains sold to me by GrainCorp Company on May 20th in this 2017 were of high and best quality compared to earlier purchases that I have done on similar grains in recent years. Having visited the company stores for the first time ever, the welcoming was warm in a way that the introduction was done by the employees at that time (Stahl, et al, 2012). Explaining the type of grain products available, their relevance, how they are important to a grain farmer and the growing grain market. It was my first visit to buying my farming grain products in the store and was the best purchasing experience I have ever had. Few months down, following the main steps given by the experts in the company retailing stores in the name of employees, grain farming is doing well with massive production. The company is giving right experience to grain farming farmers as they are able to gather advice on how to ensure the farming products are delivered as they desire and also sell their farm products to the Company as its the best market. The farmers being the main target, their occupation has been uplifted. Target Market Analysis Occupation of different individuals links them to certain service providers in the market. Farmers are the main target market in the business platform of GrainCorp as much as other consumers are targeted. This is as a result of the services given relating to grain product buying from the farmers and also selling seeds and other grain farming products to the same farmers again. The company is responsible of ensuring the well-being of its target market as well as provision of the best services. Farmers have various needs and wants that should be addressed by GrainCorp management such as seeds, advice and ready market for their products (Venkatesh, 2008). Farmers specializing in grain farming production require the best seed products for planting. The specialized individual cannot be able to enhance proper farming activities of the grain if there is no advice given to her or him (Wo? Gawlik, 2015). Therefore, through the companys experts, the farmer requires ultimate knowledge to enhancing proper farming. Including knowledge on how to plant, clear the weeds that may be involved and how to harvest the product. The other need is on market enquiry, the farmer is mostly motivated by having a ready market to selling his or her products. The grain farmer needs a favorable and ready market to sell his or her grain farm products (Datta, Ailawadi van Heerde, 2017). Service performance analysis of 3 of the 7ps of marketing The marketing mix aspects of the 7ps model are very important if used efficiently and effectively to help enhance the marketing business plan. Among the 3 Ps are people, product and price (Parker, Roper Medway, 2015) People. These are the individuals involved in product production, packaging, marketing and customer contact. Its mainly the customer contact employees that enhance service provision to the companys target market. GrainCorp has ensured that the service contact employees to their customers are well trained to offer relevant information about their services and products important in enhancing their market (Enache, 2011). Product This is the product or service that the company offers in large scale to the target market. GrainCorp as an Agribusiness company has various grain farming products that it offers to its customers. The seeds and other marketing services are of high quality just as the customers require them. This is important as it ensures the companys image is maintained by proper customer service provision and high quality products. Price This refers to the price the customer pays for the product or service from the service provider. This is a very important factor of marketing as its intended to ensure both the customer and the service provider are satisfied over the price indicated on certain services and products. Customers price satisfaction is very important as it enhances customers loyalty. GrainCorp Company has favorable price quotations that ensures the value quoted is similar to that of the product. This is important to ensuring customers price satisfaction in marketing activities (Dadzie, et al, 2017). Recommendations Adopt efficient customer relation skills. Customers are the main stakeholders in marketing activities. To improve on how they are handled is important as it ensures all their requirements and needs are catered for. GrainCorp has a large basis for customer relations activities as various services are offered both in selling their products as well as buying customers products. To ensure all the customers needs are catered for efficiently, the company should offer customer relation skills to all people involved. Ensure there are adequate and viable customer contact people (Voorst, et al, 2017). Adopt purchasing cost analysis strategy. This is an important criterial to the company to help in evaluation of all the costs involved in production. As an agribusiness company with a growing marketing platform, the costs involved in all production activities might be higher than that of other service providers in the same market. Having their target market all over the world but with minimal production points, transport cost and marketing cost might be relatively higher. If the cost at which the product is given in the market does not involve all the expenses incurred in these production activities it might lead to failure of the company marketing goals. As a result, adopting effective cost analysis strategy is very important to ensure effective pricing of the companys services and products. Conclusion Business marketing platform has a responsibility to ensuring the set target market needs and requirements are effectively taken care off. GrainCorp Company with the farmers as their main target market should ensure that the services provided both in buying and selling the grain products are off high quality and done in the right way. This will enhance customers acquisition and satisfaction in maintaining customers loyalty. All service providers should ensure customers satisfaction in all its activities towards them as they are the main stakeholders. References "ADM/GrainCorp: Australia's FDI rules in operation." International Financial Law Review (February 2014): 6. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed September 28, 2017). Dadzie, K. Q., Amponsah, D. K., Dadzie, C. A., Winston, E. M. (2017). How Firms Implement Marketing Strategies in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Assessment of The 4A Marketing Mix Framework. Journal of Marketing Theory Practice, 25(3), 234-256. doi:10.1080/10696679.2017.1311220 Datta, H., Ailawadi, K. L., van Heerde, H. J. (2017). How Well Does Consumer-Based Brand Equity Align with Sales-Based Brand Equity and Marketing-Mix Response? Journal Of Marketing, 81(3), 1-20. doi:10.1509/jm.15.0340 Enache, I. (2011). Marketing higher education using the 7 PS framework. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Series V: Economic Sciences, 4(1), 23-30. O'Keeffe, P 2017, 'contestability in the Australian wheat export industry', Journal of Australian Political Economy, 79, pp. 65-86, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 September 2017. Potter, M 2015, 'Takeover: Foreign Investment and the Australian Parker, C., Roper, S., Medway, D. (2015). Back to basics in the marketing of place: the impact of litter upon place attitudes. Journal of Marketing Management, 31(9-10), 1090-1112. doi:10.1080/0267257X.2015.1035307 Stahl, F., Heitmann, M., Lehmann, D. R., Neslin, S. A. (2012). The Impact of Brand Equity on Customer Acquisition, Retention, and Profit Margin. Journal of Marketing, 76(4), 44-63. doi:10.1509/jm.10.0522 Swilley,E. (2014). Upper Echelons Theory and Market Orientation: TMT Characteristics as Antecedents to a Market Orientation.Revolution in Marketing: Market Driving Changes, 189-189. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11761-4_92 Venkatesh, U 2008, 'The case for organized agri-retail--the Indian imperative', Journal of Services Research, 1, p. 91, Business Insights: Essentials, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 September 2017. Voorst, S. F., Kate, C. A., Jong-Potjer, L. C., Steegers, E. P., Denkta?, S. (2017). Developing social marketed individual preconception care consultations: Which consumer preferences should it meet? Health Expectations, 20(5), 1106-1113. doi:10.1111/hex.12555 Wo?, B, Gawlik, A 2015, 'The Development of Agri-tourism in Opole Province, Poland. From Inexpensive Holidays in the Countryside to Experiential Marketing', JETA: Journal Of Environmental Tourism Analyses, 3, 1, pp. 80-89, Hospitality Tourism Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 September 2017. joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-87152862661887344092019-12-06T23:31:00.001-08:002019-12-06T23:31:05.228-08:00Marketing of Service Products for GrainCorp - myassignmenthelp Question: Discuss about theMarketing of Service Products for GrainCorp Company. Answer: Introduction GrainCorp Company is Australian based with its main headquarters at south Sidney. The companys main activity is to buy and receive grains from the farmers, restore them safely for reselling them later. The company provides safe transport means of the various grains from the farmers and later to their esteemed customers to enhancing proper handling, storage and distribution of the grains at a later date to their customers. With active branches in over 30 countries worldwide, the company has several bulk Grain Ports evenly distributed at their main branches to enhance distribution and receiving of their grain products. Among the various edible oil producers, GrainCorp is one providing these services to their consumers (FDI rules, 2014). Service provider description Last year 2016, GrainCorp Company celebrated its a hundredth birthday with a sign that it has been in existences for such a longer period compared to other recent agribusiness units in the market today. With a mission and vision to develop in to being one of the major Agribusiness companies in the world and by providing the best services to their customers, the company has made an impact in the industry. The company is valued for its commitment to enhancing good value on their products and also enhancing safety measures for their employees as well (O'Keeffe, 2017). The companys market is based on two marketing aspects, product and market orientation. Product orientation refers to the activities enhanced to ensuring that products involved are in good shape. While, market orientation refers to the means enhanced in creating and advancing product market by getting new customers and also working to maintain the existing once in the market (Swilley,2014).). Following the marketing approac h, I was able to acquire products from GrainCorp. Quality grains sold to me by GrainCorp Company on May 20th in this 2017 were of high and best quality compared to earlier purchases that I have done on similar grains in recent years. Having visited the company stores for the first time ever, the welcoming was warm in a way that the introduction was done by the employees at that time (Stahl, et al, 2012). Explaining the type of grain products available, their relevance, how they are important to a grain farmer and the growing grain market. It was my first visit to buying my farming grain products in the store and was the best purchasing experience I have ever had. Few months down, following the main steps given by the experts in the company retailing stores in the name of employees, grain farming is doing well with massive production. The company is giving right experience to grain farming farmers as they are able to gather advice on how to ensure the farming products are delivered as they desire and also sell their farm products to the Company as its the best market. The farmers being the main target, their occupation has been uplifted. Target Market Analysis Occupation of different individuals links them to certain service providers in the market. Farmers are the main target market in the business platform of GrainCorp as much as other consumers are targeted. This is as a result of the services given relating to grain product buying from the farmers and also selling seeds and other grain farming products to the same farmers again. The company is responsible of ensuring the well-being of its target market as well as provision of the best services. Farmers have various needs and wants that should be addressed by GrainCorp management such as seeds, advice and ready market for their products (Venkatesh, 2008). Farmers specializing in grain farming production require the best seed products for planting. The specialized individual cannot be able to enhance proper farming activities of the grain if there is no advice given to her or him (Wo? Gawlik, 2015). Therefore, through the companys experts, the farmer requires ultimate knowledge to enhancing proper farming. Including knowledge on how to plant, clear the weeds that may be involved and how to harvest the product. The other need is on market enquiry, the farmer is mostly motivated by having a ready market to selling his or her products. The grain farmer needs a favorable and ready market to sell his or her grain farm products (Datta, Ailawadi van Heerde, 2017). Service performance analysis of 3 of the 7ps of marketing The marketing mix aspects of the 7ps model are very important if used efficiently and effectively to help enhance the marketing business plan. Among the 3 Ps are people, product and price (Parker, Roper Medway, 2015) People. These are the individuals involved in product production, packaging, marketing and customer contact. Its mainly the customer contact employees that enhance service provision to the companys target market. GrainCorp has ensured that the service contact employees to their customers are well trained to offer relevant information about their services and products important in enhancing their market (Enache, 2011). Product This is the product or service that the company offers in large scale to the target market. GrainCorp as an Agribusiness company has various grain farming products that it offers to its customers. The seeds and other marketing services are of high quality just as the customers require them. This is important as it ensures the companys image is maintained by proper customer service provision and high quality products. Price This refers to the price the customer pays for the product or service from the service provider. This is a very important factor of marketing as its intended to ensure both the customer and the service provider are satisfied over the price indicated on certain services and products. Customers price satisfaction is very important as it enhances customers loyalty. GrainCorp Company has favorable price quotations that ensures the value quoted is similar to that of the product. This is important to ensuring customers price satisfaction in marketing activities (Dadzie, et al, 2017). Recommendations Adopt efficient customer relation skills. Customers are the main stakeholders in marketing activities. To improve on how they are handled is important as it ensures all their requirements and needs are catered for. GrainCorp has a large basis for customer relations activities as various services are offered both in selling their products as well as buying customers products. To ensure all the customers needs are catered for efficiently, the company should offer customer relation skills to all people involved. Ensure there are adequate and viable customer contact people (Voorst, et al, 2017). Adopt purchasing cost analysis strategy. This is an important criterial to the company to help in evaluation of all the costs involved in production. As an agribusiness company with a growing marketing platform, the costs involved in all production activities might be higher than that of other service providers in the same market. Having their target market all over the world but with minimal production points, transport cost and marketing cost might be relatively higher. If the cost at which the product is given in the market does not involve all the expenses incurred in these production activities it might lead to failure of the company marketing goals. As a result, adopting effective cost analysis strategy is very important to ensure effective pricing of the companys services and products. Conclusion Business marketing platform has a responsibility to ensuring the set target market needs and requirements are effectively taken care off. GrainCorp Company with the farmers as their main target market should ensure that the services provided both in buying and selling the grain products are off high quality and done in the right way. This will enhance customers acquisition and satisfaction in maintaining customers loyalty. All service providers should ensure customers satisfaction in all its activities towards them as they are the main stakeholders. References "ADM/GrainCorp: Australia's FDI rules in operation." International Financial Law Review (February 2014): 6. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed September 28, 2017). Dadzie, K. Q., Amponsah, D. K., Dadzie, C. A., Winston, E. M. (2017). How Firms Implement Marketing Strategies in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Assessment of The 4A Marketing Mix Framework. Journal of Marketing Theory Practice, 25(3), 234-256. doi:10.1080/10696679.2017.1311220 Datta, H., Ailawadi, K. L., van Heerde, H. J. (2017). How Well Does Consumer-Based Brand Equity Align with Sales-Based Brand Equity and Marketing-Mix Response? Journal Of Marketing, 81(3), 1-20. doi:10.1509/jm.15.0340 Enache, I. (2011). Marketing higher education using the 7 PS framework. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Series V: Economic Sciences, 4(1), 23-30. O'Keeffe, P 2017, 'contestability in the Australian wheat export industry', Journal of Australian Political Economy, 79, pp. 65-86, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 September 2017. Potter, M 2015, 'Takeover: Foreign Investment and the Australian Parker, C., Roper, S., Medway, D. (2015). Back to basics in the marketing of place: the impact of litter upon place attitudes. Journal of Marketing Management, 31(9-10), 1090-1112. doi:10.1080/0267257X.2015.1035307 Stahl, F., Heitmann, M., Lehmann, D. R., Neslin, S. A. (2012). The Impact of Brand Equity on Customer Acquisition, Retention, and Profit Margin. Journal of Marketing, 76(4), 44-63. doi:10.1509/jm.10.0522 Swilley,E. (2014). Upper Echelons Theory and Market Orientation: TMT Characteristics as Antecedents to a Market Orientation.Revolution in Marketing: Market Driving Changes, 189-189. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11761-4_92 Venkatesh, U 2008, 'The case for organized agri-retail--the Indian imperative', Journal of Services Research, 1, p. 91, Business Insights: Essentials, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 September 2017. Voorst, S. F., Kate, C. A., Jong-Potjer, L. C., Steegers, E. P., Denkta?, S. (2017). Developing social marketed individual preconception care consultations: Which consumer preferences should it meet? Health Expectations, 20(5), 1106-1113. doi:10.1111/hex.12555 Wo?, B, Gawlik, A 2015, 'The Development of Agri-tourism in Opole Province, Poland. From Inexpensive Holidays in the Countryside to Experiential Marketing', JETA: Journal Of Environmental Tourism Analyses, 3, 1, pp. 80-89, Hospitality Tourism Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 September 2017. joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-80079688200927409832019-11-29T11:17:00.001-08:002019-11-29T11:17:04.616-08:00Computer Underground Essays - Hacker, Cybercrime, Hacking Computer Underground The Computer Underground. The beginning of the electronic communication revolution that started with the public use of telephones to the emergence of home computers has been accompanied by corresponding social problems involving the activities of so-called computer hackers, or better referred to as the computer underground (CU). The CU is composed of computer aficionados who stay on the fringes of legality. The CU is composed of relatively intelligent people, in contrast to the media's description of the ultra intelligent and sophisticated teenage hacker. The majority have in common the belief that information should be free and that they have a right to know. They often have some amount of dislike for the government and the industries who try to control and commercialize information of any sort. This paper attempts to expose what the CU truly is and dispel some of the myths propagated by the media and other organizations. This paper also tries to show the processes and reasons behin d the criminalization of the CU and how the CU is viewed by different organizations, as well as some of the processes by which it came into being. What the CU is has been addressed by the media, criminologists, secuity firms, and the CU themselves, they all have a different understanding or levels of comprehention, this paper attempts to show the differences between the views as well as attempt to correct misunderstandings that may have been propagated by misinformed sources. The differences between the parties of the CU such as, hackers, crackers, phreaks, pirates, and virus writers have rarely been recognized and some deny that there are differences thus this paper attempts to give a somewhat clearer view and define exactly what each party is and does as well as how they relate to one another. Every individual in the CU has a different level of sophistication when it comes to computers, from the height of the advanced virus writer and network hacker to the pirate who can be at the same level as a novice computer user. The prevalence of the problem has been dramatized by the media and enforcement agents, and evidenced by the rise of specialized private security firms to confront the hackers. The average person's knowledge about the CU has been derived mostly from the media. The media gets their information from former CU individuals who have been caught, from law enforcement agents, and from computer security specialists. The computer underground, as it is called by those who participate in it, is composed of people adhering to one or several roles: hacker, phreaker, pirate, cracker, and computer virus developer. Terms such as these have different meanings for those who have written about the computer underground, such as the media, and those who participate in it. The media's concept of the Computer Underground is the main cause of the criminalization of the activity and has largely occurred as the result of media dramatization of the problem (Hollinger and Lanza-Kaduce, 1988). In fact, it was a collection of newspaper and film clips that was presented to the United States Congress during legislative debates as evidence of the computer hacking problem (Hollinger and Lanza-Kaduce, 1988, p.107). Unfortunately, the media assessment of the computer underground displays a naive understanding of CU activity. The media generally makes little distinction between different types of CU activity. Most any computer- related crime activity can be attributed to hackers. Everything from embezzlement to computer viruses have, at one time or another, been attributed to them. Additionally, hackers are often described as being sociopathic or malicious, creating a media image of the computer underground that may exaggerate their ability for doing damage. The labeling of the CU and especially hackers as being evil is well illustrated by these media examples. The first is from Eddie Schwartz, a WGN-Radio talk show host. Here Schwartz is addressing Anna, a s elf-identified hacker that has phoned into the show: You know what Anna, you know what disturbs me? You don't sound like a stupid person but you represent a . . . a . . . a . . . lack of morality that disturbs me greatly. You really do. I think you represent a certain way of thinking that joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-64112284220706548152019-11-25T15:52:00.001-08:002019-11-25T15:52:04.015-08:00This is a creative writing piece about the differences between me and my sister entitled Ten Years Later.This is a creative writing piece about the differences between me and my sister entitled Ten Years Later. Ten Years LaterMy older sister was always late in the mornings, and every day I waited on the couch next to the door, counting the hundreds of seconds until she was ready. I waited, dressed, with my bright pink backpack secured, my shoes tied, and my coat zipped. I watched her run around the house, looking for a last minute snack, or sometimes finishing her homework. It puzzled me that no matter how early she woke up, she was still always late. Finally, she would open the door, and together we would sprint down the street to the bus stop, where we would be the last two kids on the bus. I resented her for making me sit in the front row, and I was determined to convince my parents that I was old enough to go by myself. They didn't give in for two years, until I reached second grade.Kitchen and staff, Windsor Hotel, Montreal, QC, 19...For the first week, my sister walked with me. It wasn't intentional, but by the time I reached the end of the driveway, she caught up to me and we would w alk side by side. The following week, when Lana abandoned her resolution to be on time, I left my house alone. As I turned the corner, I confirmed her absence, and began my walk in solitude. It wasn't far, not more than a quarter of a mile, and there was plenty of time to spare. Yet I walked briskly at first, and then I began to run. Afraid of looking behind me, I dashed to the end of the street. Sobbing, I stood alone, until the others gradually found their way to the bus stop.I refused at first to admit that I didn't know what to do with my newfound liberty. I wished that it would... joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-10931495362092848722019-11-21T23:16:00.001-08:002019-11-21T23:16:03.819-08:00Country project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsCountry project - Essay Example According to our business strategies, Saudi Armco will produce an estimate of 8 barrels annually and manage over 100 oil and gas fields in Saudi Arabia (Tait). In addition, it has 300 trillion scfd of natural gas oil rich reserves estimated to have a yield of approximately 260 million barrels, hence explaining why it accounts to be the leading daily oil producer globally (Fernandez). Some of these prominent reserves embrace Ghawar and Shaybah, which are the worldââ¬â¢s principal oil fields ever unveiled. In addition, Saudi Armco boasts of having the worldââ¬â¢s largest hydrocarbon network, which is mainly the Master Gas system - MGS. MGS is a gas gathering and processing system built in 1975 that will enable Saudi Armco to sell all its gas products obtained during oil production as well as from gas reservoirs (Badr 1). The system will also become Saudi Arabiaââ¬â¢s industrialization main resource ever since it can produce large amounts of natural gas on a daily basis. (Ferna ndez). In addition, Saudi Armco hosts several goals it ought to accomplish like producing about 10% of energy consumed globally on daily basis (Zuhur 149). To maintain its petroleum production capacity, Saudi Armco will constantly involve itself in varied investments with the intention of heightening its good publicity, be the most reliable energy producer and a global supplier. All the companyââ¬â¢s activities will encompass exploring, refining, chemical processes, distribution, marketing and production, which will all be exclusively under supervision of Ministry of petroleum and mineral resources in conjunction with the supreme council for petroleum and minerals. Initially, Saudi Armcoââ¬â¢s plans were to use Cray supercomputers in its EXPEC computer centre (ECC) in aid to process large quantities of data from exploration (Badr 2). However, plans are underway to ensure we integrate a new supercomputing system with a storage capacity of 1050 terabytes to enable it support maj or explorations in the Red sea region. Currently, Saudi Armco owns five domestic refineries in Saudi Arabia, which will be primarily for availing adequate oil products to the local market. In addition, together with other stakeholders, the enterprise expects to buy a half of each of the two existing in-kingdom refineries located at Yanbu and Jubail. According to our objectives, apart from marketing crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas together with liquids, Saudi Armco will also export crude oil to other global regions using tankers. The Company will also actively participate in the fight against environmental degradation like air and water pollution. For instance, the management board has already rolled out Saudi Armcoââ¬â¢s environmental plan incorporating all intended departmental branches (Badr 2). In this context, Saudi Armco will be able to play a major role in advocating for technological solutions to environmental issues not only now but also in the future. Conse quently, this will prompt the company to maintain all its projects while under in operation aim at minimizing their environmental pollution by use of high classic technological knowhow (Badr 3). Part 2 Saudi Arabia Physical and demographic environment Advantages to business Most oil and gas reservoirs explored by Saudi Armco their respective locations are in Saudi Arabia. This is a great advantage to the enterprise because it does not incur costs of transporting raw materials to the refineries before shipped to varied joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-50082732889363849292019-11-20T18:13:00.001-08:002019-11-20T18:13:02.377-08:00El Mozote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsEl Mozote - Essay Example Its mission was Operacion Rescate or in other words Operation Rescue, was to abolish the revolutionary existence in a small district of northern Morazan, where the FMLN had a base camp and a training area. On the arrival of the armed forces, the soldiers not merely found the villagers but the campaigners who have constructed a refuge in the neighborhood area. The military forces asked the villagers about the guerrillas and told them to lock themselves in their houses1. In the next two days, soldiers separated men and women plus children as well. During the morning they grilled torture and finished the men in various locations. After killing the men, they took women and older girls in groups, raped them and than killed them from their machine guns. Girls of age 12 were also raped under the alleged reason of supporting the guerillas. After killing the whole inhabitants, soldiers set up fire to the buildings. On December 13, they went to the village of Los Toriles, which is 2 km away from El Mozote. A lot of inhabitants managed to escape but the unfortunate were lined up and shot dead. However, the same thing was repeated in La Joya canton on December 11, in the village of La Rancheria on December 12 and in the village of Jocote Amarillo plus Cerro Pando canton on December 13. The victims of El Mozote were left unburied2. The guerrilla's secret radio station start joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-20238749034787164932019-11-18T18:46:00.001-08:002019-11-18T18:46:03.664-08:00Cloud 9 by Caryl Churcill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsCloud 9 by Caryl Churcill - Essay Example Basically, the play serves to create a visual impression of Britain at different times where the country and its people strived to have an identity of their own by breaking the stereotypes associated with the old era. The prevalent themes in this play are those of post colonialism, gender identity and an assessment of the ruling authorities. There is a general quest for identity that is most visible throughout the first act. The acting of the characters in their own true identity is a thing that should be concealed. They must do so in secret like when playing a game of hide and seek. If an identity shows disrespect to England, then that identity ought not to exist or should be concealed as per Clive. Cliveââ¬â¢s is inclined to the idea that nontraditional sex identity is a sickness that can be cured though Churchill presents n provision that seems to dwell on the contrary. He asserts that sexual identity cannot be structured in another way but gender can be rearranged. There is a continuous difficulty in search of identity for characters such as Victoria, Betty and Edward in the second act even though theyââ¬â¢re free from the direct influence of Clive. This shows that the search for identity is not as simple as thought even in a new world different from the traditional settings. This depiction of gender identity is influenced by the political system and other systems of rule in the times depicted in the play. This makes the play have a political and historical dimension. The play has very deep political insights that separate the political theatre into two strategies. These are the really dominant styles of rule in the last century that is viewed as ââ¬Å"reflectionistâ⬠and the modern form of political approach of ââ¬Å"interventionistâ⬠. As the characters demonstrate their struggles to discover their real identity, they represent a whole country (Britain) that struggles to find the ideal form of governance. This shows that the country itsel f is struggling to find its own identity. The real nature of Britain and the actions in a period of conquest and territorial acquisition is covered in the first act. The mind of the reader is set in a period of post war Britain therefore visualizing what the country was before its gradual decline in power. The reader can picture Britain being at the peak of its power and its quest to become a great colonizer and a country worthy of repute. This impacts the ââ¬Å"bullyâ⬠mentality about Britain in that period. The activities of the country are also streamlined to conquer Africa in an attempt to civilize the continent otherwise regarded to host ââ¬Å"beastsââ¬â¢. Joshua is caught in this context of trying to become a native that sees the British as the exclusively civilized people that ought to be emulated but not people from his native background. This play show the impact of the British on people from Africa and what they perpetrated in order to be feared and establish the mselves as a powerful nation among its colonies. Churchill does a commendable work in airing this attribute that shows the attitude of Britain towards its colonies. Another notable observation from the play with an administrative bearing concerns the military. The author seems to suggest that the military efforts of the country were a making a joke of the state. Linââ¬â¢s brother acts as a soldier who shows least care for the country he is supposed to represent wholeheartedly. It is evident that heââ¬â¢ joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3460602802383503289.post-50106178187177113332019-11-16T07:19:00.001-08:002019-11-16T07:19:08.732-08:00Analysis of the Dutch Healthcare System Real EstateAnalysis of the Dutch Healthcare System Real Estate Chapter 2: Hospitals, corporate real estate management and alternative real estate financing structures Healthcare systems across the globe are under continuous reform. Thus, it is important to note that healthcare systems are still evolving. Moreover, in Europe a distinction is made between so-called Bismarck mixed and Beveridge healthcare models. Bismarck systems are based on social insurance, and characterized by a multitude of insurance organizations, who are organizationally independent of public and private healthcare providers. Examples are such as in France, the Netherlands and Germany (Krankenkassen). In Beveridge systems, however, financing and provision are handled within one organizational system and based on taxation. This implies healthcare financing bodies and providers are completely or partially within one organization, such as the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK and Spain (Lameire, et al. 1999; Finfacts, 2007). Throughout history, healthcare systems across the world have evolved from Bismarck into Beveridge systems and vice versa. Usually, such reforms are a bone of contention. A recent example is the highly controversial debate in US politics on reform of the American healthcare system, which is unique in its application of the Private Insurance model (Lameire, et al. 1999). Democrats have long called for a universal health insurance program, which involves the expansion of coverage and restricting the power of insurance companies. Proponents argue that health insurance should be affordable and accessible to all, while opponents (mainly Republicans) fear too large a role of the government and the use of tax money to finance the arguably enormous costs involved. Both parties seem to agree that the power of insurance companies should be restricted by banning underwriting practices that prevent many Americans from obtaining affordable health insurance. However, though U.S. president Obama has praised various aspects of the Dutch social security-based (Bismarck) healthcare system, a similar evolution of the American healthcare system yet has to commence (NY Times, 2009). This section begins with a brief historic overview of the Dutch hospital (or cure) sector, with a focus on its evolution. Second, the interdependencies between healthcare real estate, (strategic) corporate real estate management, and alternative real estate financing structures will be elaborated upon by using corporate real estate management (CREM) theory and comparing various sources from academic literature. These are intertwined since healthcare heavily depends on real estate as a resource in fulfilling its core business activity. By opting for alternative ways to finance real estate, hospitals are able to free up additional capital to support their clinical activities. As the Dutch healthcare system currently is under reform and hospitals become responsible for real estate investments themselves, they are under increasing pressure to consider more cost-efficient options and enhance their competitive position. Alternative real estate financing structures such as public-private partnerships, where hospitals profit from the knowledge and experience of private sector parties through various partnership agreements, could provide a alternative feasible alternative here to more traditional real estate financing structures. For example, hospitals could opt for a sale-lease-back agreement, where hospital real estate is sold to a private party and leased-back to the hospital for an annual fee. By analyzing the above, this theory and literature review will provide the reader with an answer to the following sub-questions: How are Dutch hospitals regulated and financed? How can corporate real estate management add value to hospital real estate? How do alternative real estate financing structures relate to hospital real estate? The Dutch hospital sector The origins of healthcare in the Netherlands can be traced mainly to the activities of voluntary organizations, which often provided healthcare on a charitable base. These organizations used to be run mainly on religious or ideological foundations, resulting in the creation of healthcare facilities with a Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish or humanistic foundation (Folter, 2002). The Dutch healthcare tradition reflects the changing relationship between the government and voluntary organizations. Dutch hospitals largely originated from private and often charitable initiatives; virtually all are non-profit and most are still private organizations. However, today they are no longer organized along denominational lines. Though private ownership predominates, the Dutch government heavily regulates the healthcare system. In the postwar era of the 1950s, there was a focus on hospital construction, part of the broader effort to rebuild the country. In 1971, an extensive planning system was undertaken under the Hospital Provision Act (WZV) to regulate hospital capacity, the main motive being that many people felt hospitals were too concentrated in the urban areas and too few were located in other parts of the country (Den Exter, et al. 2004). Planning, regulation and management In the 1960s and 1970s, the expansion of health technology and healthcare resulted in a steep increase in health care costs. The main cause of the cost increase was attributed to the building of new hospitals and healthcare institutions. The Hospital Provision Act (WZV) of 1971 became the Dutch governments most important hospital planning tool, enabling the government to regulate construction of all healthcare institutions. The responsibility for its implementation was allocated to the provincial health authorities. The overarching goal of the WZV was to regulate the supply and promote the efficiency of hospital care. Hospitals were not to be constructed or renovated without successfully passing a declaration and licensing process. Approval of the building project rested on a detailed plan for each hospital service affected in a specific geographic region, which included a description of the existing service capacity, the suggested change of capacity, and a schedule to complete the project. The planning process began with the issuance of an instruction from the Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport to the provincial government. The instruction described the categories of hospital facilities for which plans were to be developed, the geographical region covered, and the deadline to complete this. Provincial governments considered a number of regulations and guidelines in the process. Regulations related to the planning process and guidelines to the content of the plan. Many stakeholders were involved in the formation of regulations, including hospitals, patients and consumer organizations, local authorities, and insurance companies. In the initial stage, the provincial government prepared a draft plan. This plan included: an inventory of existing capacities; an evaluation of the existing situation in terms of shortages and weaknesses; a description of construction, renovation and expansion proposals; and an implementation plan and time schedule. Subsequently, the draft was forwarded to the health minister for approval. The health minister, after counseling the Hospital Provision Board (CBZ), determined whether or not the draft was acceptable. The draft plan formed the foundation for the issuance of so-called acknowledgements, which allowed hospitals to receive reimbursement for services from health insurers. The drawbacks of the initial hospital planning process under the Hospital Provision Act (WZV) were its complexity and lack of flexibility. Therefore, in January 2000, in order to improve the planning process, a new Act, the Special Medical Procedures Act (WBMV), came into existence. The focus of this Act was on quality of care rather than cost containment and aimed at promoting healthcare with maximum quality and minimum risk to patients at affordable cost (Den Exter et al., 2004). Decentralization According to Den Exter et al., in the Netherlands policy traditionally has been prepared and implemented by a massive neocorporate bureaucracy, uniting government agencies, quasi-governmental organizations (the advisory and executive bodies), suppliers and providers in the private sector, and insurance companies. This national body has a significant degree of control over decisions regarding the number and distribution of hospital beds and specialist places, and on investment decisions and management costs in health care. In the 1970s, centralized government coordination and planning became the leading principle in the Dutch healthcare system. However, the 1974 policy paper Structuring health care (Structuurnota Gezondheidszorg), contained proposals for decentralized administration by regional and local authorities (Second Chamber of Parliament, 1974). In 1986, the coalition government departed from the centralized model by undertaking major reforms, especially in the field of social health insurance. The integration of different insurance schemes into one social insurance for all Dutch citizens (with largely income-related contributions) was a bone of contention. The aim was to increase solidarity in healthcare financing. Under these reforms, all insurance companies would function as independent and risk-bearing insurers and compete for insured patients under the same regulations. A central fund (centrale kas) was to provide budgets for all the insurers. A key issue in the reforms was the shift of the insurance risk from the public funding system to the individual insurance plan, justified by the less government, more market trend. The shift of insurance risk involved a policy of transferring regulating competencies from the collective to the private sector, such as providers and insurance companies. In the Netherlands, this policy is called functional decentralization. This has mainly occurred in the cure-sector, which entails acute care and both specialist and general medicine. By means of negotiations and contracts, an increasing number of health insurers and providers have become important determinants in shaping and interpreting healthcare today, while the government and administrative agencies used to assume these roles in the past. This is emphasized by the new role assumed by medical specialists in hospital care. For example, they have acquired an independent coordinating position versus both hospital management and sickness funds (Scholten and van der Grinten, 1998). Hospital budget reforms In the Netherlands, today all hospitals and other healthcare institutions are required to have an overall annual budget. This is in line with the governments cost-containment policy. If the hospital exceeds its budget, there is no possibility of recalculation or compensation. Specialist fees are an exception to this overall hospital budget. Below follows an overview of the budget reforms that have taken place up until 2009. Function-directed budgeting (1988 2000) The old budget system, which was in use since 1988, was a function-directed budget system. The budget was divided in four cost components: location costs, fixed costs, semi-fixed costs, and variable costs. Location costs concern infrastructure, for example buildings and equipment including depreciation and interest. In the old budget system, these investments required approval by the health minister under the Hospital Provision Act (WZV). Second, fixed costs are costs that do not generally vary with the activity volume. For example, the number of people served by a hospital in the region. Thirdly, semi-fixed costs are not affected by the scale of production of a hospital in the short run. These are capacity-based costs, and include the number of beds and specialist units. Finally, variable costs are directly related to the activity volume or the production (production units) of the hospital. Parameters for variable costs include admissions, outpatient visits, nursing days, day care and day treatments (Den Exter et al., 2004). In the old system, the hospital budget was determined as follows: Number of persons in service area (x tariff) + number of licensed hospital beds (x tariff) + number of licensed specialist units (x tariff) + negotiated volumes of production units, for example hospital admissions (x tariff), inpatient days (x tariff), first outpatient contacts (x tariff), day surgery (x tariff) and special treatments (x tariff) Tariffs varied with hospital size, implying larger hospitals were allocated higher tariffs than smaller hospitals. In addition, hospitals were allocated capital expense budgets. For example, rebuilding projects and new hospital construction projects were covered by a 100% mark-up applied for 50 years. This implies payment was guaranteed for 50 years through a mark-up in the day rate. As a result, hospitals were not exposed to financial risk regarding major capital expenses. Further, hospitals received a standardized budget for small investments, such as maintenance. These investments did not require the approval of the health minister. Performance-driven budgeting (2000 2005) Until 2000, hospitals still received the full budget when it produced less inpatient days than estimated under the principle budget=budget. However, this was changed into a performance-driven payment system implying hospitals would get paid less if they would produce less inpatient days than agreed upon with health insurers. The underlying notion of this change was to increase hospital production, in order to put a halt to waiting lists. However, this transition brought a number of new problems along: Hospital budgets were unable to keep up with the increase in demand for hospital care. While patients paid insurance, they were unable to benefit from hospital service directly because of waiting lists. The admissions, inpatient days and day surgery tariffs used to set the budget proved completely artificial, not reflecting true costs. Incentives for efficiency were weak. The budgeting system did not stimulate hospitals to inform insurers and patients about their performance. This is a politically sensitive issue, as hospitals received extra money to combat waiting lists but were reluctant to explain for what goals they used this money. DBC-budgeting and dot (2005 present) Therefore, a new gradual transition is currently taking place to a Diagnosebehandelings-combinatie (Diagnosis Treatment Combination, DBC) financing system. The DBC system has the following implications: a transition to output pricing with defined and priced patient-treatment categories; location costs remain fixed and all other maintenance costs will be integrated into the location cost center of hospital budgets (set by the College Tarieven Gezondheidszorg, CTG, Healthcare Tariffs Council); and hospitals are contracted by sickness funds based on patient-treatment categories. The main notion is that hospitals are reimbursed for the costs they incur resulting from medical treatments. The DBC-A segment tariffs (acute care) remains government regulated (through the NZa, Dutch Healthcare Authority) and concerns acute care, whereas hospitals are largely free to negotiate tariffs with healthcare insurers in the DBC-B-segment (non-acute care) in an effort to promote market forces. Currently , about 34% of the DBCs is allocated to the B-segment; the Dutch Health Ministry aims to increase this proportion to 50-60% by 2011 (Van Poucke, 2009). The DBC system is comparable to the DRG (Diagnosis Related Group) system used abroad. However, there are a number of differences: DRGs are coded at the beginning of the treatment, while DBCs are coded afterwards. A patient can be coded in more than one DBC. In the DBC system the coding is not done by special personnel but by a medical specialist. The physician salary is included in the DBC, giving physicians an incentive for upcoding. In the DBC system, more flexibility is granted to parties that negotiate at the local level on production, number of treatments, and number of specialists. Furthermore, efforts are being made to integrate the fee-for-service system for specialists and the hospital budget system into a single integrated budget (Den Exter 2004). However, since the system is still in early development, the effects of DBC financing on hospitals are still ambiguous. As a result, improvements have been proposed which will be implemented as of January 1 2011 under the DOT (DBCs Op weg naar Transparantie, DBCs on the road to Transparency). This implies that the 100,000 DBC products will be sized down to only 3,000 in order to increase transparency for the patient, healthcare practitioners and healthcare insurers (DBC Onderhoud, 2009). Real estate investment reforms Until 2008, the Dutch healthcare system applied a publicly supported healthcare real estate budget system. However, since 2008, Dutch healthcare institutions have become financially responsible for the return and risks of their real estate investments (see Chapter 5: Real estate investments). Moreover, the Dutch healthcare system is changing toward a regulated market system with increased competition between healthcare providers. According to Van der Zwart et al. (2009), these developments are likely to change the way healthcare institutions will manage and finance their real estate, the location choices they make and the building typology they choose. Furthermore, real estate is becoming an increasingly strategic fifth source of profitability and overall performance, similar to capital, human resources, information and technology (see figure 2.1). For hospitals, considering and using real estate as a strategic production asset can reap added value, as will be explained in section 2.2.2. Financing hospital real estate: from supply-driven to regulated market forces As health insurers now negotiate quality and quantity agreements with hospitals and patients are broadening their horizons, the importance of an integrated approach to the product hospital care. Hospitals should be able to use their real estate as a distinguishing element in attracting customers (the patient). As a result, real estate is being transformed into a strategic resource for hospitals as well and hospital executives are paying growing attention to real estate management, including location management (what to do where), business plans (do investments yield positive returns) and real estate asset valuation. Building plans are based on functional clustering: hospitals divide new buildings into hotels (patient rooms), hot floors (operating rooms), offices (simple treatments, patient consults), and industrial plants (medical support/facilitating functions). As hospitals are no longer required to own their real estate assets, some are seeking partners willing to take over some o f their real estate management (Windhorst 2006). The Dutch government used to be in charge of allocating the budget of healthcare real estate investment, but is moving toward a regulated market system to keep healthcare affordable in the future. This deregulation gives healthcare institutions the opportunity to make their own decisions, translating into more individual responsibility and a higher risk exposure of investments. The government no longer guarantees financial support for real estate investments, and thus real estate investments have to be financed by the production and delivery of healthcare services. As a result, the need for competitive advantage will also increase (Van der Zwart, et al., 2009). The Dutch government used to apply a strict approval system in the former real estate budget system in order to regulate the capacity and costs of hospital health care. All initiatives to build, renovate or demolish a hospital building were evaluated in terms of their fit with a regulated overall capacity per service area, square meter guidelines per hospital bed and per function, and a maximum standard of costs per square meter (Van der Zwart, et al., 2009: 2). The initiatives were approved by the Minister of Health, Welfare and Sports, who was advised by the Netherlands Board for Healthcare Institutions. The real estate capital costs (depreciation, rent, maintenance costs and so on) were guaranteed by the government. The healthcare providers real estate budget was independent of the production of healthcare services. According to Van der Zwart et al., hospitals did not bear any responsibility for the risks of their real estate investments in the old system. Furthermore, they were not responsible for the running costs and a possible deficit if production decreased. As a result, hospitals attempted to obtain the maximum amount of square meters and were not encouraged to be either cost efficient or cost effective. In March 2005, the Dutch Minister of Health, Welfare and Sports announced the modification of this real estate budget system and the introduction of a healthcare system with regulated market forces (Hoogervorst, 2005). The main goal is to keep healthcare affordable by stimulating competition and, as a result, reduce healthcare costs. This deregulation provides healthcare institutions with more flexibility in the briefing, design and management of hospital buildings and real estate investments. Similar to the old system, private not-for-profit initiatives are still the main force behind the capacity of hospitals, but in the new system hospitals are themselves responsible for the return on real estate investment and the effects of real estate decisions on utility value, investment costs and running costs. Since January 2008, hospitals have to finance real estate investments and capital costs from their product and service revenues. This implies a switch from a centrally steered real estate budget system with governmental ex ante testing of building plans and investment proposals into a performance driven and regulated finance system on the output (Van der Zwart, 2009: 3). To ensure a smooth transition, there is a transition phase until 2012 with a standardized and maximized budget for capital costs per mà ². This trend will have a strong effect on the briefing, design and management of hospital real estate (Van der Voordt, 2009). Hospitals will get new opportunities while experiencing higher risks at the same time and hospitals will have to aim more at competitive advantage. Furthermore, partnerships with private partners will be more common. According to Fritzsche et al. (2005) and van Hasselt (2005), this transition has a number of implications, as illustrated in table 2.1 and figure 2.1. Moreover, organizational changes (e.g. mergers and network organizations), demographic changes (ageing of the population, multicultural diversity), technological developments (e.g. new medical equipment, new installation techniques), fluctuations in the economy and changing views on healthcare and the responsibility of government, healthcare organizations, market players and healthcare consumers play their role, too (Van der Voort, 2009: 2). As a result of mergers and the growth in hospital functions, hospitals are likely to grow even larger than before. Van der Voordt argues that all these changes affect the healthcare real estate stock and cause a need for new health care real estate management strategies. Christensen et al. (2000) warn for the entrenched and change-averse nature of healthcare systems. They argue governments and institutions should be more open to business models that may seem to threaten the status quo at first, but will eventually enhance the quality of healthcare for the end-user: the patient. New institutions with disruptive business models adapted to new technologies and markets should replace entrenched and old-fashioned institutions. Thus, they conclude that government and healthcare sector leaders should help insurers, regulators, hospitals and health professionals to facilitate disruption instead of preventing it. Current challenges The practical implications for hospitals of the current transition to a new healthcare system in terms of capital financing and real estate investments will be further explained in chapter 4 and 5. First, the following section will elaborate on the theoretical foundations of corporate real estate management. Corporate real estate management In order to make well considered decisions with regard to new building projects, rebuilding projects and the sale of real estate property, a deep knowledge of the real estate property and the many related internal and external developments is required. For example, what actions need to be taken in order to eliminate or reduce discrepancies between demand and supply? And how effectively does real estate support the main business processes? Corporate Real Estate Management is one of the disciplines that addresses such questions. The key issue at stake here is to align the supply (e.g. locations, properties) with the requirements related to the primary process (demand) and the strategic goals of the organization. The overall aim is to create maximum added value for the organization while ensuring a maximum contribution to total organizational performance (Van der Voort, 2009). Increasingly, (corporate) real estate is becoming a substantial resource for firms and other institutions. For example, firms are looking at real estate to provide both stability and capital growth to their portfolios. It thus presents an attractive return compared to the volatility in equity prices (DTZ, 2006). Already in the early 1990s, researchers began to call attention to the largely unrecognized importance of corporate real estate to many businesses. They pointed at the substantial balance sheet value of real estate and the large proportion of operating expenses resulting from real estate services (Roulac, 2001). For example, Veale (1989) concluded corporate space costs account for 10% to 20% of operating expenses or nearly 50% of net operating income. In their paper, Rediscover your Companys Real Estate, Zeckhauser and Silverman (1983) estimate corporate real estate accounts for 25 to 40 % of the total assets of the average firm. Many firms underestimate the intrinsic value of their real estate portfolio, even though the magnitude of costs related to owning properties are second only to payroll costs (Veale, 1989). Zeckhauser and Silvermans survey results mention 7 important steps a firm can take to make more efficient use of its real estate assets. For example, firms should manage real estate responsibly and set achievable goals in order to generate profits from its real estate assets or limit costs. Furthermore, a firms choice of real estate activities other than managing property depends on the nature of the business it operates in and the historical record of its real estate portfolio. This implies that firms that more heavily depend on real estate for their business activities might be more actively involved with their proper ty management. Zeckhauser and Silverman conclude that every firm should review and adjust its real estate policies to reconcile operating objectives with real estate values and opportunities, and evaluate the intrinsic value of its property. Though the return on real estate is generally lower than the return on the core business activity, real estate may provide other forms of added value, such as efficiency and effectiveness of the activities in the firm. Kaplan and Nortons (1992) balanced score card approach describes the performance of a corporation as being defined by a combination of financial, internal business, customer, and innovation and learning perspectives. In addition to the financial value of real estate, unique characteristics such as the design of a building transform real estate into an asset that can be difficult to imitate, substitute, or trade. Furthermore, the physical image of a building may function as a marketing tool, attracting attention to a firms services. Thus, when buildings reflect the business purpose and promote important work relationships they can contribute significantly to corporate strategy and serve to distinguish a firm from its competitors (Krumm de Vries, 2003). Strategic corporate real estate management Roulac (2001), with his Aligning corporation real property with corporate strategy-model, links real estate strategies with sources of competitive advantage. A corporate business strategy addresses key elements such as customers, employees and processes. A corporate property strategy affects employee satisfaction, production factor economics, (realized and foregone) business opportunities, risk management decisions and other effects on business value. Thus, it is crucial in enhancing or inhibiting the companys expression of its core competency and the extent to which it can realize its core capabilities to their full potential (Roulac, 2001). The existing scientific research in this field has resulted in the conclusion that it is generally more advantageous for firms to rent, rather than own the real estate they use, enabling them to free up capital to invest in the things they are good at (Brounen and Eichholtz, 2003). The shares of firms who sell their real estate typically outperform the average and firms with large corporate real estate holdings are typically associated with relatively low performance. However, within the field of real estate finance, little research has been conducted on the effects of alternative real estate financing structures on the performance of non-profit organizations, such as hospitals. Though Eichholtz and Kok (2007) examined the performance effects of alternative real estate financing on the American senior healthcare sector, little is known about the performance of hospitals owned and/or operated through alternative real estate financing structures such as, for example, public private partnerships (PPPs). In 1993, real estate expert Michael Joroff (1993) expressed the need for a move in real estate management from a purely operational approach to a more strategic one, including a strong emphasis on the role of real estate in achieving corporate goals. According to Joroff, this requires a switch from a day-to-day focus on building management (manager) and controlling accommodation costs (controller) towards standardized real estate utilization (trader), adapting real estate assets to the market (entrepreneur), and eventually ensuring strategic real estate decisions contribute to corporate goals (strategist). See figure 2.2 below. An organization often finds itself in a combination of different stages. According to Fritzsche (2005) hospitals still need to make the move to the upper stages. Thus, when hospitals make a transformation to more business-like entities, they will find themselves in the entrepreneur or strategist stage. However, it is debatable whether hospitals should be located in the final stage, as hospitals in essence are non-profit foundations and do not have the same goals and core-business activities as business organizations. This is where the classical debate regarding public versus private provision of a public good (healthcare) enters the arena; this will be discussed further in section 2.3. The added values of real estate According to De Jonge (2002), several ways joangardner1935http://www.blogger.com/profile/16913226160731873459noreply@blogger.com0